环境新污染物治理与化学品环境风险防控的系统工程  

Environmental systems engineering consideration on treatment of emerging pollutants and risk prevention and control of chemicals

作　　者：王佳钰 王中钰 陈景文[1] 刘文佳 崔蕴晗 傅志强 宋国宝 Jiayu Wang;Zhongyu Wang;Jingwen Chen;Wenjia Liu;Yunhan Cui;Zhiqiang Fu;Guobao Song(Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering(Ministry of Education),Dalian Key Laboratory on Chemicals Risk Control and Pollution Prevention Technology,School of Environmental Science and Technology,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学环境学院,大连市化学品风险防控及污染防治技术重点实验室,工业生态与环境工程教育部重点实验室,大连116024

出　　处：《科学通报》2022年第3期267-277,共11页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1801604,2018YFE0110700);国家自然科学基金(21661142001)资助。

摘　　要：重视新污染物治理,是我国进入新发展阶段生态文明建设的必然要求.本文介绍了新污染物的概念、来源和特性,指出化学品管理不当及其环境释放是新污染物的主要来源.治理新污染物,需要分析化学品在人类社会子系统、新污染物在自然环境子系统中的源-流-汇;揭示化学品和新污染物对人类社会、生态系统、无机环境系统及各层次子系统造成的影响.以物质流分析、生命周期评价、计算毒理学、绿色化学等现代科技手段为核心要素的环境系统工程方法,有助于新污染物治理和化学品风险管理.物质流分析、生命周期评价可以追踪化学品在社会经济系统中循环流动的源-流-汇,进而定量其产生的潜在环境影响.计算毒理学通过计算机模型系统性地预测释放到环境中的化学污染物的分布和归趋,评估人类和生态物种暴露于新污染物的途径和水平,以及特定暴露条件下,化学污染物对人体和生态物种的有害影响.绿色化学则要求在开发全链条中减少有害原料使用和废物排放,并产出低危害性或无害的化学品.上述环境系统工程技术体系支撑化学品风险的源头防控,进一步结合过程控制和末端治理技术,有望实现对新污染物的有效治理.As the impact of emerging pollutants(EPs)on human health and ecosystems becomes significant,attention is being drawn to the treatment of EPs.Unlike conventional pollutants(e.g.,chemical oxygen demand,biochemical oxygen demand,SO;,NO;,etc.),EPs have relatively short history of use and production,or have their hazards be identified only recently,and thus are largely beyond the scope of current laws or regulations on environmental pollutants.Synthetic chemicals and unintentionally released chemical substances constitute an important source of EPs.EPs have diverse chemical structures and can take varied forms,including molecules,polymers,and aggregates.EPs can be released into the environment via multiple routes during the life cycle of products that contain corresponding chemicals.In the environment,EPs can be persistent or pseudo-persistent due to continuous release and resistance to degradation.EPs can exert a variety of hazardous effects,including endocrine disruption,carcinogenicity,mutagenicity,etc.In addition,the chronical effects tend to be insidious.All these features have complicated the treatment and control of EPs,resulting in high cost for restoring the contaminated environment.Hence,it is recognized that the key to the treatment of EPs is to prevent potential pollution of the corresponding chemicals.In order to address the issues of EPs,environmental systems engineering(ESE)thinking is required.Environmental issues such as ecological damage and environmental pollution can be regarded as human activity-induced devastation to the structure and function of the Earth surface system,which involves two EPs or chemicals-related processes:(1)The sources,flows and sinks of EPs or chemicals in the human society and natural environmental system,which are informative for controlling policies and strategies to intervene;(2)the effects of EPs or chemicals on the human social system,ecosystem and inorganic environmental system,which provide the basis for setting“objective functions and constraint conditions”for su

关 键 词：新污染物 化学品 风险防控 环境系统工程 源头预防 

分 类 号：X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程]