壳聚糖包覆微胶囊红磷的制备及性能表征  

Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan Coated Microencapsulated Red Phosphorus

作　　者：程晨 鲁彦玲 杨金鹏 杜仕国 CHENG Chen;LU Yan-ling;YANG Jin-peng;DU Shi-guo(Army Engineering University(Shijiazhuang Campus),Shijiazhuang 050003,China;75833 Troops,Guangzhou 510000,China)

机构地区：[1]陆军工程大学石家庄校区,石家庄050003 [2]75833部队,广州510000

出　　处：《装备环境工程》2022年第2期72-77,共6页Equipment Environmental Engineering

摘　　要：目的降低红磷(RP)烟火剂的吸湿率及感度,以此提高其使用过程中的安全性能。方法以生物基材料壳聚糖(CS)为囊壳结构,采用高效简便的工艺,制备壳聚糖包覆微胶囊红磷(CSRP),对CSRP进行红外光谱测试(FTIR)、X射线电子能谱分析(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)测试及热重(TG)测试,并对RP及CSRP进行吸湿率和感度测试表征实验。结果处理后的红磷(RP)表面已包覆一层完整的CS囊壳结构,形貌结构及表面元素含量发生明显改变。RP及CSRP的吸湿性及感度测试结果表明,相对于未包覆RP,CSRP样品的吸湿率从测试前的15.1%下降至10 d后的5.13%,摩擦感度从81%下降至58%,显示出良好的存储性能,对后续用于烟火剂装药有利。结论CS囊壳结构能够有效实现对红磷的表面改性,改性后的红磷具有优良的使用性能。相对于传统囊壳结构,CS更加绿色环保,具有较高的实际应用价值。In order to reduce the moisture absorption and sensitivity of red phosphorus(RP) pyrotechnic agent, so as to improve its safety performance in use, chitosan coated microencapsulated red phosphorus(CSRP) was prepared by an efficient and simple process with biological material chitosan(CS) as the shell structure. The CSRP was tested by infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), X-ray electron spectroscopy(XPS), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and thermogravimetry(TG). The moisture absorption and sensitivity of RP and CSRP were also tested and characterized. The results show that the treated red phosphorus(RP) surface has been coated with a complete CS capsule structure, and the morphology, structure and surface element content have changed significantly. The moisture absorption test and sensitivity test of RP and CSRP were carried out. The experimental results show that compared with uncoated RP, the 10-day moisture absorption of CSRPsamples decreased from 15.1% to 5.13%,and the friction sensitivity decreased from 81% to 58%, showing good storage performance, which is helpful for subsequent use in pyrotechnic charge. CS capsule structure can effectively realize the surface modification of red phosphorus, and the modified red phosphorus has excellent performance. Compared with the traditional capsule structure, CS is more environmentally friendly and green, and has high practical application value.

关 键 词：红磷 壳聚糖 摩擦感度 吸湿性 烟火剂 微胶囊 

分 类 号：TJ450[兵器科学与技术—火炮、自动武器与弹药工程] TG174.45[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]