中深层稠油化学降黏技术研究进展  

Research progress in chemical viscosity reduction technologies used for medium and deep heavy oil

作　　者：杜安琪 毛金成[1] 王鼎立 蔡明金[3] DU Anqi;MAO Jincheng;WANG Dingli;CAI Mingjin(State Key Laboratory of Oil&Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation//Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610500,China;Downhole Service Company,CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu,Sichuan 610051,China;Exploration and Development Research Institute,PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company,Korla,Xinjiang 841000,China)

机构地区：[1]“油气藏地质及开发工程”国家重点实验室•西南石油大学 [2]中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司井下作业公司 [3]中国石油塔里木油田公司勘探开发研究院

出　　处：《天然气工业》2022年第2期110-122,共13页Natural Gas Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目“复杂介质中pH刺激响应型蠕虫状胶束体系构建及其机理研究”(编号:52104035)、“页岩压裂微观裂缝起裂扩展及其增渗机理研究”(编号:41902303)。

摘　　要：如何大幅度提高中深层稠油采收率,实现降本增效,一直是稠油油藏开采的瓶颈和攻关的重点方向。化学降黏辅助热采技术因其降黏效果好、经济效益高,在中深层稠油油藏开采中具有很大的应用潜力。为此,对现有应用于中深层稠油油藏的化学降黏技术进行了全面回顾,并分别阐述了乳化降黏、油溶性降黏剂降黏、水热催化裂解降黏、纳米材料降黏这4个工艺的基本原理、主要特征、适用性和局限性,并提出了未来降黏技术的发展方向。研究结果表明:①乳化降黏成本低,降黏效果好,工艺简单,见效快,但是乳化剂对不同稠油的通用性及其自身的耐温耐盐性还需进一步提升;②油溶性降黏剂能耗低,可与稠油充分接触,但降黏效果有限且应用成本较高且降黏机理等方面还需进一步深入研究;③水热催化裂解降黏技术大有可为,开发高效、低成本、高活性、高选择性、应用广泛的催化剂以适应不同稠油是应有之路,超分散纳米催化剂是未来研究重点;④纳米粒子作为吸附剂和催化剂在中深层稠油开采中具有很大潜力,但实际应用仍然不够成熟。结论认为,化学降黏技术发展现状与研究进展的梳理,明确了研发适用中深层稠油开采的降黏技术于对保障我国石油安全,提高国内中深层稠油采收率具有重要现实意义。How to significantly increase the recovery factor of medium and deep heavy oil and realize cost reduction and efficiency improvement has always been the bottleneck and key research direction of heavy oil reservoir production.The chemical viscosity reduction assisted thermal recovery technology has great application potential in producing medium and deep heavy oil reservoirs due to its remarkable viscosity reduction effect and high economic benefit.In this paper,existing chemical viscosity reduction technologies used for medium and deep heavy oil reservoirs are reviewed comprehensively.Then,the basic principles,main characteristics,applicability and limitation of four viscosity reduction processes are illustrated respectively,namely emulsification,oil-soluble viscosity reducer,catalytic aquathermolysis and nanomaterial.Finally,the future development direction of viscosity reduction technologies is pointed out.And the following research results are obtained.First,viscosity reduction by emulsification has the advantages of low cost,good effect,simple process and fast response,but the university of emulsifier to different heavy oils and its own temperature and salt tolerance need further improving.Second,the oil-soluble viscosity reducer consumes less energy and can contact heavy oil sufficiently,but its viscosity reduction effect is limited,its application cost is higher and its viscosity reduction mechanism needs to be researched further.Third,the application of catalytic aquathermolysis to viscosity reduction has bright prospects,it is inevitable to develop the catalysts of high efficiency,low cost,high activity,high selectivity and broad application to adapt to different heavy oils,and super-dispersive nanocatalyst is the future research focus.Fourth,nanoparticles have significant potential as adsorbents and catalysts in the production of medium and deep heavy oil,but its practical application is not mature enough yet.In conclusion,analyzing the development status and research progress of chemical viscosity reduc

关 键 词：中深层稠油 乳化降黏 油溶性降黏剂 水热催化裂解 纳米材料 采收率 降本增效 

分 类 号：TE345[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]