关于死海地区臭氧耗损现象(ODEs)的研究综述  

A review of ozone depletion events(ODEs)in the area of Dead Sea

作　　者：谷怿宸 曹乐[1] GU Yichen;CAO Le(Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing,210044,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学中国气象局气溶胶-云-降水重点开放实验室,南京210044

出　　处：《环境化学》2022年第1期144-159,共16页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41705103)资助.

摘　　要：自1997年在死海地区的大气边界层中观测到午间臭氧浓度迅速下降的现象后,研究学者们即对该地区的臭氧耗损现象(ozone depletion events,简称ODEs)展开了研究。而在此之前,大气边界层内的ODEs现象普遍被认为只会发生在极地地区的特殊大气现象。本文综述了关于死海地区ODEs研究的发展历史,主要展示了促使死海ODEs形成的物理化学机理、关于死海地区ODEs的观测和模拟研究,以及死海地区臭氧耗损现象的特点。与极地ODEs类似,造成死海地区的ODEs过程中臭氧耗损的主要化学物质是活性溴化物如氧化溴(BrO)等。但由于死海地区特殊的环境条件,该地区的ODEs在时间尺度上和空间尺度上与极地ODEs存在明显的差异。目前关于死海ODEs的观测研究主要以地面观测为主,并显示相较冬季,死海夏季ODEs的发生频率更高,臭氧耗损也更为明显。而目前关于死海ODEs的模拟研究则以零维和一维模拟为主,模拟中证实了臭氧和BrO之间的负相关关系,并揭示出非均相反应(溴爆炸机制和BrONO_(2)的水解)对于ODEs的重要影响。另外,模拟中还指出了氮氧化物对于ODEs的两面性作用,以及气象条件(如逆温层)对于ODEs产生的影响。现有研究还发现,死海地区特殊的地形、环境条件及其海水中的高溴含量都是促使当地产生ODEs的关键因素。死海ODEs的发生不仅会改变该地区大气边界层中成分(例如汞)的浓度和寿命,也会影响大气的氧化能力,而这些都会对该地区人类的生活和健康产生潜在的作用,因此有必要加深对于该现象的总体认识。Ozone depletion events(ODEs)were found to occur in the atmospheric boundary layer of the Dead Sea area at noon since the year 1997,while before that this phenomenon was recognized occurring mostly in high latitudes such as Arctic.In this paper,we reviewed the study history of the ODEs at the Dead Sea,especially summarizing previous observations and model simulations of this phenomenon.We also described the properties of the ODEs at the Dead Sea and the related physico-chemical processes.It was found in previous studies that similar to ODEs occuring in Arctic,reactive bromine species(such as BrO)also play a key role in the occurrence of ODEs at the Dead Sea.However,due to the unique topographic and environmental condition around the Dead Sea,ODEs in the Dead Sea region behave significantly different from those in Arctic,both in spatial and temporal distribution.The observations of the ODEs in the Dead Sea area were mostly ground-based and showed that the ODEs occur in summer more frequently than in winter.The accompanied ozone decrease was also found stronger in summer.The model simulations of ODEs in the Dead Sea area were mostly zero-or one-dimensional,and help to confirm the anticorrelation between ozone and BrO in the observations of the ODEs.The simulation results also revealed the importance of the heterogeneous reactions(such as the“bromine explosion mechanism”and the hydrolysis of BrONO_(2))in the occurrence of ODEs.Moreover,the model results discovered the two-sided influence of nitrogen oxides on the destruction of ozone during the ODEs,and the impacts of meteorological conditions such as the temperature inversion on ODEs.It was found that the unique environmental conditions,topography and high bromide concentration in the water of Dead Sea are partly responsible for the occurrence and the termination of the ODEs.The occurrence of ODEs is able to alter the oxidation capacity of the atmosphere as well as the lifetime of many components in the boundary layer of the Dead Sea region.Therefore,ODEs in the

关 键 词：臭氧 ODES 死海地区 溴 卤素 氮氧化物 

分 类 号：X515[环境科学与工程—环境工程]