语言符号任意性原则论争评析  

A Study of the Debates over the Arbitrariness Principle of Linguistic Sign

作　　者：范厉杨 Fan Liyang(National Research Centre for Foreign Language and Education,Beijing Foreign Studies University,Beijing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学中国外语与教育研究中心,北京100089

出　　处：《现代语文》2022年第2期91-95,共5页Modern Chinese

摘　　要：从索绪尔提出语言符号任意性原则以来,它一直是语言学学界探讨的重点。不同翻译版本与原著中一些前后矛盾的地方,可能是引发争论的原因之一。有些学者用象似性原则来驳斥任意性原则,有些学者则从语言使用、习得和发展来质疑任意性原则。在厘清任意性原则的基本内涵前提下,结合反对者的观点,可以发现:第一,语言的象似性原则不能作为否定语言任意性原则的证据,二者是语言发展处于不同阶段的特征,在研究对象上是互补的;第二,学者们在语言使用、习得与发展中考察任意性,并否定任意性原则的论述,大都是感性的语言分析,并没有准确地把握任意性原则的基本内涵,实际上,任意性原则贯穿于语言使用、语言习得与语言发展之中。因此,任意性原则是语言的基本特征,其支配地位是毋庸质疑的。After its publication,the arbitrariness principle of linguistic sign proposed by Saussure has been heatedly discussed and highly disputed in academia to the present.Different versions of translation and mistakes in the original work may result in misinterpretation of arbitrariness.Some scholars deny that arbitrariness by asserting that iconicity is the basic principle of language sign.And some scholars challenge arbitrariness from language use,language acquisition and development perspectives.This paper aims at giving a detailed analysis of arbitrariness of language sign by responding to the critics towards arbitrariness.Findings indicate,firstly,iconicity could not be employed as evidence to refute arbitrariness.Arbitrariness emphasizes the sound pattern of a linguistic sign,while iconicity focuses on the script,grammar and syntax.In addition,the examples and analysis of the ineffectiveness of arbitrariness in language use,language acquisition and development are scattered and irrational,which calls for more accurate understanding of the nature of arbitrariness.Arbitrariness is appropriate in language use,language acquisition and development.Therefore,this paper contends that arbitrariness is the basic principle of language sign and the organizing principle of whole linguistics.

关 键 词：语言符号 任意性 象似性 音响形象 

分 类 号：H0[语言文字—语言学]