绝对重力测量中振动传感器振动补偿性能的分析  

Analysis of vibration correction performance of vibration sensor for absolute gravity measurement

作　　者：文艺 伍康[1] 王力军[1] Wen Yi;Wu Kang;Wang Li-Jun(State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument,Department of Precision Instrument,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学精密仪器系,精密测试技术及仪器国家重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《物理学报》2022年第4期368-378,共11页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:61627824,41604151)资助的课题。

摘　　要：绝对重力测量的精度主要受振动噪声的限制.振动补偿是一种简单可行的振动噪声处理方法,它通过传感器探测振动噪声来对测量结果进行修正.现阶段对于不同传感器的振动补偿性能缺乏系统的分析与评估,仅停留在应用阶段.本文从理论出发分析了传感器性能对补偿效果的影响,并通过实验评估了不同振动环境下不同传感器的振动补偿性能.实验结果显示,采用低噪声地震计的振动补偿效果主要受带宽和量程的限制,在安静环境下可实现优于百微伽的单次测量标准差,但补偿效果随振动噪声高频成分的增强而降低,在动态环境下地震计则受量程限制而无法工作.采用加速度计的振动补偿效果主要受分辨率的限制,在复杂和动态环境下均可实现毫伽量级的单次测量标准差.本文为振动补偿技术应用于绝对重力测量提供了振动传感器选型的理论和实践依据,有望为振动补偿技术的进一步发展提供技术支撑.Absolute gravity measurement refers to the measurement of the absolute value of gravitational acceleration(g,approximately 9.8 m/s^(2)).The precision of absolute gravity measurement is limited mainly by vibration noises.Vibration correction is a simple and feasible way to deal with vibration noises,which corrects the measurement results by detecting vibration noises with a sensor.At present,the vibration correction performance of different sensors lacks systematic analysis and evaluation.In this paper,the theoretical analysis of how the sensor characteristics affect the correction performance is carried out.The vibration correction performances of three sensors,two different seismometers and one accelerometer,are evaluated experimentally in the three cases with different vibration noises.The experimental results show that the correction precision obtained by using low-noise seismometer is limited mainly by its bandwidth and range.In case I i.e.the quiet environment,the standard deviation of corrected results obtained by using both seismometers can reach tens ofμGal(1μGal=10–8 m/s^(2)),which is close to that obtained by using an ultra-low-frequency vibration isolator.However,in case II i.e.the noisy environment,the standard deviation of corrected results obtained by both seismometers increase to hundreds ofμGal due to the enhancement of high-frequency vibration components.This means that the correction performances of both seismometers deteriorate,and the performance of seismometer with narrower bandwidth turns even worse.Moreover,two seismometers cannot even work in case III with stronger vibration noises due to the range limitation.On the other hand,the correction precision obtained by using accelerometer is affected mainly by its resolution which is on the order of mGal(1mGal=10^(–5) m/s^(2)).Its bandwidth can reach hundreds of or even thousands of hertz and its range is generally over±2 g,which is large enough to meet the needs for noisy and dynamic applications.In case I,the standard deviation after c

关 键 词：绝对重力测量 振动补偿 振动传感器 

分 类 号：TP212[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] O314[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]