厌氧消化残余物土地利用的中外标准政策浅析  

Analysis on Domestic and Foreign Standards and Policies about the Land Application of Anaerobic Digestate

作　　者：王志杰 何品晶[1,3] 章骅 彭伟[1] 邵立明[1,3] 吕凡[1,2] WANG Zhijie;HE Pinjing;ZHANG Hua;PENG Wei;SHAO Liming;LYU Fan(Institute of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092;Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security,Shanghai 200092;Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Multi-source Sol-id Wastes Co-processing and Energy Utilization,Shanghai 200092)

机构地区：[1]同济大学固体废物处理与资源化研究所,上海200092 [2]上海污染控制与生态安全研究院,上海200092 [3]上海多源固废协同处理和能源化工程技术研究中心,上海200092

出　　处：《环境卫生工程》2022年第1期17-27,共11页Environmental Sanitation Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD1100600);浙江省重点研发计划项目(2021C03024);国家自然科学基金项目(52000144);中国博士后科学基金项目(2019M661626)。

摘　　要：垃圾分类实施后,适用于厌氧消化技术处理的易腐垃圾量迅速增多,促进了厌氧消化技术的应用,随之产生的厌氧消化残余物的处理和资源化利用成为突出问题。厌氧消化残余物中含有大量植物易于吸收的营养元素,土地利用是循环经济和"双碳"目标背景下可持续的利用方式之一。但是,消化残余物的性质取决于垃圾原料、处理工艺以及处理设施设备的运行状态,为了保证安全地进行土地施用,需要相关法规与标准来规范消化残余物的品质和施用方式。汇总分析了发达国家的厌氧消化残余物土地利用相关的法规和标准,从原料管控、工艺过程、产品品质、有害物质限值以及良好农业施用规范5个方面,与我国相关标准进行对比,分析了现阶段消化残余物土地利用存在的主要短板以及我国相关标准和指南未来的完善方向。After the implementation of waste classification,the amount of perishable waste suitable for anaerobic digestion technology increased rapidly,which promoted the application of anaerobic digestion technology. Accordingly,the treatment and resource utilization of digestate has become a prominent problem. The residue of digestate contains a large number of nutrients that can be easily absorbed by plants. Land application is one of the sustainable ways of utilization under the background of circular economy and the goal of carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality. However,the nature of digestate depends on the feedstock,treatment process and operating state of the treatment facilities. In order to ensure the safety of land application,relevant laws and standards are needed to regulate the quality and application way of digestate. The regulations and standards of digestate land application in developed countries were summarized and analyzed,and compared them with the relevant standards in China from five aspects,included the control of feedstock,craft process,product quality,limitation of harmful material,and good agricultural practice. Finally,the main drawbacks of the digestate for land application and the improvement direction of the related standards and guidelines for future in China were analyzed.

关 键 词：消化残余物 沼液 沼渣 有机肥 土壤改良剂 标准 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]