乌东德高拱坝坝身不设底孔生态泄水技术与实践  

Ecological discharge technology and practice of Wudongde high arch dam without setting bottom outlet diversion

作　　者：漆祖芳 李蘅 徐唐锦 翁永红 QI Zufang;LI Heng;XU Tangjing;WENG Yonghong(Changjiang Survey,Planning,Design and Research Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430010,China;National Dam Safety Research Center,Wuhan 430010,China;CISPDR Corporation,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司,湖北武汉430010 [2]国家大坝安全工程技术研究中心,湖北武汉430010 [3]长江设计集团有限公司,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《人民长江》2022年第2期148-152,共5页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“高坝枢纽运行初期风险调控与安全保障技术”(2016YFC0401909);中国三峡建工(集团)有限公司科研项目“金沙江乌东德水电站关键技术科研成果总结咨询服务”(WDD/0579)。

摘　　要：乌东德水电站建设之前,国内外高拱坝一般采用坝身设置底孔解决下闸蓄水期生态泄水问题,但坝身设置底孔将使坝体结构和受力变得复杂,且占用大坝浇筑直线工期,投资大、经济性差,部分工程设置底孔仍存在坝址断流、下游脱流等问题。针对坝身设置底孔解决下闸蓄水期生态泄水问题存在的上述不足,依托乌东德水电站工程,采用工程调研、水力学计算和水工模型试验相结合的研究手段,通过4个实体模型、19种方案、157组试验,研究形成了200~300 m级特高拱坝坝身不设底孔导流技术体系,使乌东德高拱坝成为中国年均流量大于150 m^(3)/s的大江大河上已建坝高超过150 m的16座高拱坝中,唯一一座坝身不设底孔的高拱坝,电站初期蓄水期连续生态泄水流量达到400~1587 m^(3)/s,实现了初期蓄水期向下游连续大流量供水。相关技术可为类似工程施工导流方案的拟定提供新的解决思路,具有较强的参考应用价值。Before the construction of Wudongde Hydropower Station,high arch dams at home and abroad generally use bottom outlet diversion in the dam body to solve the ecological water discharge problem during the initial water storage period.Setting bottom outlet diversion in dam body is not only expensive and uneconomical,but also makes the dam structure and stress complex,and occupies the line construction time of dam pouring.Furthermore,bottom outlet diversion is clearly set up in some projects,but there are still some problems such as dam site and downstream discharge cutoff.In view of the shortcomings of setting bottom outlets on the dam body to solve the ecological discharge problem at the initial water storage period,relying on the Wudongde Hydropower Station in the lower Jinsha River,the new diversion technology system without bottom outlets on the dam body for 200~300 m super high arch dam was developed by using the research methods of engineering investigation,hydraulic calculation and hydraulic model test through 4 physical models,19 schemes and 157 groups of tests.The technology has been successfully applied in Wudongde Hydropower Station,making Wudongde high arch dam the only one of not setting bottom outlet in 16 built high arch dams more than 150 m with an average annual discharge more than 150 m^(3)/s.The continuous ecological discharge flow of Wudongde Hydropower Station during the initial water storage period reached 400~1587 m^(3)/s,which realized the continuous large flow water supply to the downstream during the initial water storage period.Relevant technologies can provide new solutions for the formulation of diversion schemes for similar projects.

关 键 词：高拱坝 生态泄水 不设底孔导流 乌东德水电站 

分 类 号：TV315[水利工程—水工结构工程]