多空间尺度景观格局与地表水质响应关系研究  

Study on the relationship between landscape pattern and surface water quality at multiple spatial scales

作　　者：刘可暄 王冬梅[1] 常国梁 张满富 LIU Kexuan;WANG Dongmei;CHANG Guoliang;ZHANG Manfu(School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083;Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute,Beijing 100048;Beijing Water Authority,Beijing 100038)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]北京市水科学技术研究院,北京100048 [3]北京市水务局,北京100038

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2022年第2期23-31,共9页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：北京林业大学研究课题(No.2020HXFWSBXY016);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(No.2017ZX07102-001)。

摘　　要：截至2020年底,北京市已建成466条生态清洁小流域,其中,密云水库上游(北京境内)179条小流域,将于2022年底全部达到生态清洁小流域标准.本研究对密云水库流域进行子流域划分并创建缓冲区,通过汛期水质监测,结合统计分析和景观格局指数计算,量化不同空间尺度景观格局和水质的响应关系.结果表明:①密云水库主要河流水质除总氮指标外均满足地表水Ⅱ类标准,汛期氮污染风险较其他水质指标大,其变异系数为48%;②总磷(TP)与蔓延度指数(CONTAG)呈显著正相关,且氮、磷的净化能力随着景观复杂程度的增加而减弱;③林地是流域内优势景观类型,耕地和建设用地比例随缓冲区宽度增加而逐渐降低;④不同空间尺度缓冲区景观格局指数对地表水水质具有较好的解释度,200 m缓冲区景观结构对水质的解释能力最强,耕地和建设用地对水质的影响最显著,是未来水务管理的关键区域.By the end of 2020,Beijing has built 466 eco-clean small watersheds,among which 179 small watersheds upstream of Miyun Reservoir(within Beijing)will all reach the eco-clean small watersheds standard by the end of 2022.This study divided the Miyun reservoir watershed into subbasins and created buffer zones,and quantified the response relationship between landscape pattern and water quality at different spatial scales through monitoring water quality in flood season,calculating landscape pattern index and statistical analysis.The findings from this study have implications for water source protection of Miyun Reservoir.The results showed that:①the water quality of the main rivers in miyun reservoir met the second-class surface water standard except for the total nitrogen index,and the risk of nitrogen pollution in flood season was higher than that of other water indexes,with a variation coefficient of 48%;②total phosphorus(TP)and sprawl index(CONTAG)showed a significantly positive correlation,and the purification capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus decreased with the increase of landscape complexity;③woodland was the dominant landscape type in the basin,and the proportion of cultivated land and construction land decreased with the increase of buffer width;④the landscape pattern index of buffer zone at different spatial scales has a good explanatory degree for surface water quality,and the landscape structure of buffer zone at 200 meters has the strongest explanatory ability for water quality,and the cultivated land and construction land have the most significant impact on water quality,which is the key area for future water management.

关 键 词：密云水库 景观格局 地表水水质 不同空间尺度 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X171