北京地区葎草花粉致敏的特征分析  

Analysis on the allergic characteristics of humulus pollen in Beijing

作　　者：马婷婷 王朝霞 贺宁 陈艳蕾 兰天飞 王洪田 王也 王学艳 MA Tingting;WANG Zhaoxia;HE Ning;CHEN Yanlei;LAN Tianfei;WANG Hongtian;WANG Ye;WANG Xueyan(Department of Allergy,Beijing Shijitan Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing,100038,China;Department of Respiratory,Genertec Universal Xi'an Aero-Engine Hospital;Department of Allergy,Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University;School of Population Medicine and Public Health,Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院变态反应科,北京100038 [2]通用环球西安西航医院呼吸内科 [3]青岛大学附属烟台毓璜顶医院变态反应科 [4]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院群医学及公共卫生学院

出　　处：《临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志》2022年第1期41-44,50,共5页Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head And Neck Surgery

基　　金：北京市属医院科研培育项目(No:PX2020028);北京世纪坛医院中心实验室开放课题(No:2019-KF23)。

摘　　要：目的:了解北京地区葎草花粉致敏的人群分布特点及致敏特征。方法:选取2017年1月—2019年12月门诊诊断为变应性鼻炎、过敏性哮喘及变应性鼻炎合并哮喘的患者8380例。采用葎草变应原试剂行皮肤点刺试验(SPT),比较葎草花粉致敏人群分布,分析葎草花粉的主要致敏特征。结果:葎草花粉SPT总阳性率达49.59%,其中10~14岁致敏性最高(71.98%),且与其他年龄组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);小于10岁患儿SPT阳性率随年龄增长逐渐增加,50岁以上患者SPT阳性率随年龄增长逐渐减低。葎草花粉SPT强阳性患者占41.43%,与SPT+、++、+++的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。单一葎草致敏较少(23.87%),多合并多种花粉致敏(76.13%),且常合并灰藜花粉致敏(92.81%)。结论:北京地区变应性鼻炎或哮喘患者葎草花粉致敏率较高,尤以10~14岁年龄段致敏率最高。提示葎草花粉是变应性鼻炎、哮喘的主要致敏原,且葎草花粉致敏多趋向于多重致敏。Objective: To understand the sensitization characteristics of humulus pollen in patients with allergic rhinitis or allergic asthma in Beijing, and to explore the proportion of the population allergic to humulus pollen. Methods: Selected 8380 patients who were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, and allergic rhinitis combined with asthma in outpatient clinic from January 2017 to December 2019. SPT test was performed with humulus allergen reagent to compare the sensitization distribution of humulus pollen by age and disease, and analyze the sensitization characteristics of humulus pollen. Results: The total positive rate of humulus pollen SPT reached 49.59%.The positive rate of humulus pollen SPT was the highest in the age group of 10 to 14 years old, reaching 71.98%, compared with other age groups, there was a statistical difference(P<0.01);and the positive rate of SPT in patients under 10 years of age gradually increased with age, and the positive rate of SPT in patients over 50 years of age gradually decreased with age. Humulus pollen SPT positive patients ++++ and above accounted for 41.43%, which was significantly different from other groups(P<0.01). Single humulus was less allergenic, accounting for about 23.87%. Most of them were combined with multiple pollen allergies(76.13%), and often combined with chenopodiaceae pollen sensitization(92.81%). Conclusion: The SPT positive rate of humulus pollen in patients with allergic rhinitis or asthma in Beijing area is nearly 50%. The positive rate of SPT is the highest among patients aged 10-14, and most of them show strong positive reactions. It is suggested that humulus pollen is the main allergen of allergic rhinitis and asthma, and the sensitization of humulus pollen tends to be multiple allergens.

关 键 词：鼻炎 变应性 哮喘 葎草 花粉 皮肤点刺试验 

分 类 号：R765.21[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]