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作 者:田黔宁[1,2] 张炜[1,2] 王海华[1,2] 邵明娟[1,2] 姚树青[1,2] TIAN Qianning;ZHANG Wei;WANG Haihua;SHAO Mingjuan;YAO Shuqing(Geoscience Documentation Center, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100083, China;National Geological Library of China, Beijing 100083, China)
机构地区:[1]中国地质调查局地学文献中心,北京100083 [2]中国地质图书馆,北京100083
出 处:《中国地质调查》2022年第1期1-15,共15页Geological Survey of China
基 金:中国地质调查局“国际地质调查动态跟踪与分析(编号:DD20190414)”项目资助。
摘 要:世界能源结构正面临着从化石能源向非化石能源过渡的第3次转变,氢气作为易燃且燃烧时不产生污染的清洁能源,将在其中起到重要作用。目前,氢的工业生产主要通过煤、天然气等化石燃料以及电解水制取,对天然氢的勘探开发刚刚起步,仅在非洲马里开采出天然氢。但是,天然氢已在世界各地被陆续发现,据相关文献报道天然氢可能来源于深源、水岩反应和水的辐解等非生物成因以及热成因、微生物成因等生物成因;天然氢包括游离氢、包裹体氢和溶解态氢3种类型;全球天然氢分布广泛、潜力巨大,据最新估算,除深源氢以外的天然氢潜在估算量近(254±91)×10^(9) m^(3)/a;目前在马里、澳大利亚、巴西、美国及欧洲的部分国家都已陆续开展了天然氢勘探开发工作。在未来的能源格局中,天然氢有望成为氢能生产的重要部分。基于前人的大量研究,介绍了天然氢成因、分类、以及全球天然氢的发现情况,总结了国外天然氢勘探开发现状,提出了中国在地下寻找天然氢的潜力,旨在为我国未来天然氢勘探开发提供借鉴。Global energy structure is experiencing the third transition from fossil energy to non-fossil energy.Hydrogen,as a clean energy that is flammable and does not produce pollution when burned,will play an important role in it.At present,the industrial methods for producing hydrogen are mainly by steam-hydrocarbon(such as coal and natural gas)reforming and by electrolysis of water.In contrast,the exploration and development of natural hydrogen had just started,and natural hydrogen is mined in Mali,Africa as the only example.However,natural hydrogen has been discovered around the world.According to previous studies,the authors of this paper found:natural hydrogen could be abiogenic such as deep-seated hydrogen generation,water-rock reaction or water radiolysis,as well as biogenic such as thermogenesis or microbial action;natural hydrogen can be divi-ded into three categories,including free hydrogen,inclusion hydrogen and dissolved hydrogen;natural hydrogen is widely distributed and presents great potential.According to a latest estimation,the potentiat natural hydrogen sources excluding deep source of hyarogen is about(254±91)×10^(9) m^(3)/a;at present,natural hydrogen exploration and development work has been carried out in Mali,Australia,Brazil,the United States and some countries in Europe.Natural hydrogen is expected to be an important part of hydrogen energy production in the future energy pattern.Based on a thorough literature review,this study introduced the origin,classification,and global discovery of natural hydrogen,summarized the current status of natural hydrogen exploration and development ab-road,and analysed the potential of China to search for natural hydrogen underground,aiming to provide reference for the future natural hydrogen exploration and development in China.
关 键 词:能源转型 新能源 天然氢 赋存 成因 资源量 勘探开发 潜力
分 类 号:X382[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TE02[石油与天然气工程]
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