过瘤胃胆碱和有机铬对围产期奶牛干物质采食量、奶产量及血液生化指标的影响  

Effects of Rumen-Protected Choline and Organic Chromium on Dry Matter Intake,Milk Yield and Blood Biochemical Indexes of Dairy Cows during Transition Period

作　　者：安秀秀 李向宝 魏学良[1] 徐玉薇 罗梦芸 王媛媛[1] AN Xiuxiu;LI Xiangbao;WEI Xueliang;XU Yuwei;LUO Mengyun;WANG Yuanyuan(College of Veterinary Medicine,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学动物医学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2022年第2期989-999,共11页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项(cstc2018jscx-mszdX0100,cstc2019jscx-msxmX0396);中央高校基本业务(XDJK2019C023)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加过瘤胃胆碱和有机铬对围产期奶牛干物质采食量(DMI)、奶产量及血液生化指标的影响。选取40头健康、经产(平均胎次1~2胎)的中国荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为4组,每组10头牛。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,胆碱组饲喂基础饲粮+30 g/d过瘤胃胆碱,有机铬组饲喂基础饲粮+8 g/d蛋氨酸铬,混合组饲喂基础饲粮+30 g/d过瘤胃胆碱+8 g/d蛋氨酸铬。试验期从产前第20天开始,至产后第20天结束。结果显示:1)各组之间奶牛产前、产后DMI无显著差异(P>0.05)。产后2和4周,胆碱组、有机铬组和混合组奶牛奶产量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。2)分娩当天、产后第10天和产后第20天,胆碱组、有机铬组和混合组血液葡萄糖(GLU)和β-羟丁酸(BABA)含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。3)分娩当天、产后第10天和产后第20天,胆碱组、有机铬组和混合组血清甘油三酯(TG)含量、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性均显著低于对照组(P <0.05),血清高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、瘦素(Leptin)含量和对氧磷酶-1(PON-1)活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。产后第10天和产后第20天,胆碱组、有机铬组和混合组血清谷草转氨酶(AST)活性显著低于对照组(P <0.05),血清胰岛素(INS)、脂联素(ADP)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加过瘤胃胆碱和蛋氨酸铬能够改善围产期奶牛能量供应,调节糖脂代谢,减轻脂肪过度沉积对肝脏造成的损伤,保护肝脏功能,改善机体能量负平衡状态。The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary rumen-protected choline and organic chromium on dry matter intake(DMI),milk yield and blood biochemical indexes of dairy cows during transition period. Forty healthy Chinese Holstein cows(average parity 1 to 2)were randomly divided into 4 groups with 10 cows per group. Cows in the control group were fed a basal diet,cows in the choline group were fed the basal diet+30 g/d rumen-protected choline,cows in the organic chromium group were fed the basal diet+8 g/d chromium methionine,and cows in the mixed group were fed the basal diet+30 g/d rumen-protected choline+8 g/d chromium methionine. The experiment was from day 20 before delivery to day 20 after delivery.The results showed as follows:1)there was no significant difference in DMI of dairy cows before and after delivery among all groups(P>0.05). At 2 and 4 weeks after delivery,the milk yield of choline group,organic chromium group and mixed group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). 2)On day of delivery,day 10 after delivery and day 20 after delivery,the serum triglyceride(TG)content and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)activity of choline group,organic chromium group and mixed group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05),and the serum high density lipoprotein(HDL),leptin(Leptin)contents and paraoxonase-1(PON-1)activity were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05). On day 10 after delivery and day 20 after delivery,the serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST)activity of choline group,organic chromium group and mixed group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05),and the serum insulin(INS)and adiponectin(ADP)contents were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05). In conclusion,dietary rumen-protected choline and methionine chromium supplementation can improve the energy supply of dairy cows during transition period,regulate glucose and lipid metabolism,reduce liver damage caused by excessive f

关 键 词：奶牛 围产期 过瘤胃胆碱 蛋氨酸铬 血液生化指标 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]