饲粮添加发酵枣粉对高温季节荷斯坦公牛生长性能、免疫性能和抗氧化性能的影响  

Effects of Dietary Fermented Jujube Powder on Growth Performance,Immune Performance and Antioxidant Performance of Holstein Bulls during Hot Season

作　　者：张喆萍 李瑞银 李树静 李建国[1] 沈宜钊 高艳霞[1] 李妍[3] 范京惠[3] 谢鹏[4] 李秋凤[1] 曹玉凤[1] ZHANG Zheping;LI Ruiyin;LI Shujing;LI Jianguo;SHEN Yizhao;GAO Yanxia;LI Yan;FAN Jinghui;XIE Peng;LI Qiufeng;CAO Yufeng(College of Animal Science and Technology,Agricultural University of Hebei,Baoding 071000,China;Hebei Tianhe Beef Cattle Breeding Co.,Ltd.,Shijiazhuang 050200,China;College of Veterinary Medicine,Agricultural University of Hebei,Baoding 071000,China;Institute of Animal Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学动物科技学院,保定071000 [2]河北天和肉牛养殖有限公司,石家庄050200 [3]河北农业大学动物医学院,保定071000 [4]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2022年第2期1027-1039,共13页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：河北省二期现代农业产业技术体系肉牛创新团队高效养殖岗位建设项目(HBCT2018130202);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-37);国家重点研发计划(2018YDF0501805)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究饲粮添加发酵枣粉对高温季节荷斯坦公牛行为、生长性能、抗氧化性能、免疫性能的影响。试验选取60头4~6月龄体重[(200.00±30.28) kg]相近的健康荷斯坦公牛,随机分成4组,每组15头,分别饲喂含0(C组)、5%(L组)、10%(M组)、15%(H组)发酵枣粉的等能等氮的饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期90 d。结果表明:1)当温湿度指数(THI)<78时,添加发酵枣粉显著降低荷斯坦公牛呼吸频率(P<0.05),呼吸频率随着发酵枣粉添加量的增加线性降低。当57<THI<89时,M组荷斯坦公牛躺卧率最高,随着发酵枣粉添加量增加,荷斯坦公牛躺卧率呈二次升高变化(P<0.001)。2) C组、L组、M组之间平均日增重无显著差异(P>0.05),但H组平均日增重显著低于其他3组(P<0.05);L组、M组荷斯坦公牛体高增长显著高于C组和H组(P<0.05)。3)M组粗蛋白质表观消化率显著高于其他组(P<0.05),粗脂肪表观消化率随着发酵枣粉添加量增加呈线性增加(P<0.001)。4)试验第30天,H组荷斯坦公牛血清三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)的含量显著高于C组(P<0.05),血清T3含量随着发酵枣粉添加量增加而呈线性增加(P=0.017)。M组血清总蛋白(TP)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且随着发酵枣粉添加量增加,血清TP含量有二次升高趋势。荷斯坦公牛血清尿素氮(UN)含量随着发酵枣粉添加量增加呈二次下降变化(P=0.010)。试验第90天,M组和H组荷斯坦公牛血清热休克因子-1(HSF-1)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。5)试验第30天,M组血清白细胞介素-1(IL-1)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量显著降低(P<0.05),H组血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量显著高于其他3组(P<0.05);试验第90天,M组和H组血清IL-1含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05);随着发酵枣粉添加量的增加,血清IgA含量呈线性升高(P=0.019)。6)试验第30天,随着发酵枣粉添加量的增加,血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)呈线性上升趋势(P=0.137);试验第90天,M组荷斯坦公牛血清中超氧�The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary jujube fermented feed on growth performance,antioxidant performance and immune performance in dairy bulls under hot season. Sixty healthy 4 to 6-month Holstein bulls with similar body weight of(200.00 ±30.28)kg were randomly into four groups with 15 bulls in each group,the bulls were diets supplemented with 0(group C group),5%(group L),10%(group M)or 15%(group H)of jujube fermented feed,respectively. The experimental adaptation period was7 d and experimental period was 90 d. The results showed as follows:1)when temperature-humidity index(THI)<78,the respiration of rate decreased significantly(P<0.05),and the respiratory frequency decreased linearly with the increase of fermented jujube powder. When 57<THI<89,among all groups,the lying rate of Holstein bulls in group M was the highest,and the lying rate increased twice with the increase of fermented jujube powder(P<0.001). 2)There was no significant in the average daily gain of Holstein bulls among group L,group M,and group H(P>0.05),but the average daily gain in group H was significantly lower than that in the other three groups(P<0.05). The body height of dairy bulls in group L and group M was significantly higher than that in group C and group H(P<0.05). 3)The apparent digestibility of crude protein in group M was significantly higher than that in other groups(P<0.05). The apparent digestibility of crude fat increased linearly with the increase of jujube powder(P<0.001). 4)On the 30 th day of the experiment,the content of serum triiodothyronine(T3)in group H was significantly higher than that in group C(P<0.05),and the content of serum T3 increased linearly with the increase of fermented jujube powder(P = 0.017). The content of serum total protein(TP)in group M was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),and showed a secondary increasing trend with the increase of fermented jujube powder. The content of serum urea nitrogen(UN)showed a secondary downward trend with the inc

关 键 词：发酵枣粉 荷斯坦公牛 生长性能 抗氧化性能 免疫性能 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]