河北阜平县表层土壤重金属对人体健康的风险评估  

Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Topsoil on Human Health in Fuping County,Hebei Province

作　　者：宋绵[1,2] 龚磊[1,2] 王艳 田大争 王新峰[1,2] 李跃 李伟[1,2] SONG Mian;GONG Lei;WANG Yan;TIAN Da-zheng;WANG Xin-feng;LI Yue;LI Wei(Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology,China Geological Survey,Baoding 071051,China;Center for Groundwater Exploration and Development Engineering Technology Research,China Geological Survey,Baoding 071051,China;Hebei Geological Engineering Exploration Institute,Baoding 071051,China;The Fitth Geology Company of Hebei Geology and Minerals Bureau,Tangshan 063000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局水文地质环境地质调查中心,河北保定071051 [2]中国地质调查局地下水勘查与开发工程技术研究中心,河北保定071051 [3]河北省地质工程勘查院,河北保定0710514 [4]河北省地矿局第五地质大队,河北唐山063000

出　　处：《岩矿测试》2022年第1期133-144,共12页Rock and Mineral Analysis

基　　金：中国地质调查局水工环地质调查项目(XTZX202109,12120114010801,DD20190259,DD20179262)。

摘　　要：河北省阜平县矿产资源丰富,矿产开发会产生大量重金属污染物,近年来大力发展果农业,也会对表层土壤造成一定影响,目前该县表层土壤重金属现状尚不清晰。为评估阜平县农业重点区表层土壤重金属污染特征和对人体健康的影响,本文按照1∶5万土地质量调查规范要求,布设标准网格在该县农业重点区采集表层土壤样品647组,采用原子荧光光谱、电感耦合等离子体质谱、X射线荧光光谱等方法,测定Hg、As、Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、Cr等8种重金属含量;运用地累积指数、内梅罗污染指数和富集因子法等方法,识别表层土壤重金属的污染特征和来源;利用中国人体健康土壤环境基准制定技术指南的健康风险评估标准,评估重金属污染对人体健康的风险。结果表明:①研究区表层土壤中Hg、Pb、Cu、Zn、Cd、Cr、Ni存在一定程度的富集,但含量均未超过农用地管控值,98.6%的样品土壤重金属对农产品质量安全、农作物生长或土壤生态环境风险低;②As的来源主要为自然源,Hg、Pb局部受到人类活动影响,Cu、Zn、Cd、Cr、Ni受到人类活动和天然地质背景共同影响;③对表层土壤中重金属的非致癌和致癌风险评估显示,成人和儿童的非致癌风险指数小于1,均不存在非致癌风险,处于可接受水平。As和Cd超过可接受致癌风险水平(As为10^(-5),Cd为10^(-6)),具有一定的致癌风险,经口吸入是造成人体健康风险的主要暴露途径,儿童受到的影响远高于成人。由此认为,研究区土壤存在轻微污染,且As和Cd对人体健康有一定影响,应加强对土壤重金属的监测,掌握其变化动态,防范土壤污染加重。BACKGROUND:Mineral resources are rich in Fuping County,and mineral resource exploitation produces heavy metal pollution.In recent years,fruit agriculture has developed greatly,which will impact the topsoil.At present,the heavy metal content of topsoil in Fuping County is not clear.OBJECTIVES:In order to investigate pollution characteristics of heavy metals in topsoil and their effect on human health in agricultural key areas of Fuping County.METHODS:According to the requirements of 1∶50000 land quality survey specification,647 topsoil samples in agricultural key areas of Fuping County were collected.The contents of eight heavy metal elements such as Hg,As,Cd,Cu,Pb,Zn,Ni and Cr were determined by atomic fluorescence spectrometry,inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.The pollution characteristics and sources of heavy metals in topsoil were identified using the geological accumulation index,Nemerow pollution index and enrichment factor method.The risk of heavy metal pollution to human health was evaluated by technical guidelines for deriving soil environmental criteria for human health.RESULTS:(1)Hg,Pb,Cu,Zn,Cd,Cr and Ni in the topsoil of the study area were enriched to a certain extent,but the contents did not exceed the control value of agricultural land.98.6%of the samples showed low risks of the soil heavy metal elements for the quality and safety of agricultural products,crop growth or soil ecological environment.(2)The source of As was mainly natural,Hg and Pb were locally affected by human activities,and Cu,Zn,Cd,Cr and Ni were affected by human activities and the natural geological background.(3)The non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk assessment of heavy metals in topsoil showed that the non-carcinogenic risk index of adults and children was less than 1,and there was no non-carcinogenic risk,which was at an acceptable level.As and Cd exceeded the acceptable carcinogenic risk level(As was 10^(-5),Cd was 10^(-6)),which had a definite carcinogenic risk.Oral i

关 键 词：表层土壤 重金属 原子荧光光谱法 电感耦合等离子体质谱法 非致癌风险 致癌风险 阜平县 

分 类 号：S151.93[农业科学—土壤学] O657.63[农业科学—农业基础科学]