从人机工程的角度分析中国犁具的发展变迁  

Analysis on the Development and Changes of Plow Tools in China from the Perspective of Ergonomics

作　　者：王仲[1] 周美玉[1] Wang Zhong;Zhou Meiyu

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学艺术设计与传媒学院

出　　处：《农业考古》2022年第1期140-147,共8页Agricultural Archaeology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“涉台传统村落资源调查整理及保护利用研究”(项目编号:21&ZD215)。

摘　　要：人机工程学所关注对象是人对机操控和搬运的便利性,机的工作环境和制作材料的适应性;追求友好的人机关系;提高劳动效率、减少人的疲劳程度。中国古代垦耕机械犁具从耒耜发展到曲辕犁,即贯穿着上述的设计理念而一步步地走向完善。新中国成立后的一段时期内,犁具设计片面追求它的工作效率,而忽视了犁具制作材料、工作环境的适应性及人与犁的融洽度,其结果是引进的耕犁及后续的新犁设计并没有达到预期的目标。Ergonomics focuses on the convenience of man-machine control and handling, the adaptability of machine working environment and manufacturing materials, the pursuit of friendly man-machine relationship, the improvement of labor efficiency and the reduction of human fatigue. In ancient China, the development of plow tools from Leisi to Quyuan plow was a step-by-step refinement of the above design concept. During the period after the founding of New China, the plow design unilaterally pursued work efficiency, while ignoring the plow making materials, the adaptability of working environment and the harmony between people and plow. As a result, the introduced plows and the subsequent new plows designed did not achieve the expected goal.

关 键 词：人机工程学 耕犁 双铧犁 设计 

分 类 号：K875.1[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]