村镇小型生活垃圾热处理炉底渣的理化特性  

Physical and chemical characteristics of bottom ash from small-scale thermal treatment furnaces for rural domestic solid waste

作　　者：胡婷婷 胡雨燕[1] 吴树桐 钱柯贞 陈德珍[1] HU Tingting;HU Yuyan;WU Shutong;QIAN Kezhen;CHEN Dezhen(Institute of Thermal and Environmental Engineering,School of Mechanical Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 201800)

机构地区：[1]同济大学机械与能源工程学院,热能与环境工程研究所,上海201800

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2022年第2期165-172,共8页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项(No.2018YFD1100602)。

摘　　要：小型垃圾热处理设备可实现就地处置,节约运输成本,目前在中国山区、丘陵地带的村镇得到广泛应用。为了解村镇小型生活垃圾热处理炉底渣的理化特性及其影响因素,对中国云南、贵州、安徽村镇实际运行的小型生活垃圾热处理设备产生的底渣进行取样,分析其热灼减率、物理组成、化学组成、晶相组成、重金属含量和浸出特性,探讨处理工艺、地域及季节对其理化特性的影响。结果表明:10个村镇小型生活垃圾热处理炉底渣样品物理组成均以人工挑拣困难的混合类为主(质量分数>58%);样品热灼减率达标率不高,化学组成、晶相组成与城市生活垃圾焚烧底渣相近,除少数样品中As、Ni、Pb含量低于《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》(GB 15618—2018)限值外,其余重金属含量均远高于该标准,但所有样品的重金属浸出毒性均低于《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》(GB 5085.3—2007)限值;地域、处理工艺和季节对物理组成、热灼减率、重金属含量和浸出毒性影响较大,但对化学组成和晶相组成的影响不明显。Small-scale solid waste thermal treatment furnaces can realize on-site disposal,and save transportation cost.Currently,they are widely used in mountainous and hilly villages and towns in China.In order to understand the physical and chemical characteristics of the bottom ash from small-scale thermal treatment furnaces for rural domestic solid waste,the bottom ash samples were collected from several furnaces operating in the villages and towns of Yunnan,Guizhou and Anhui.The loss on ignition,physical composition,chemical composition,crystalline phase composition,heavy metal content and leaching characteristics were analyzed.The influence of treatment process,area and season on physical and chemical characteristics were also discussed.Results showed that the dominant physical component of all bottom ash samples used in this study were mixture that were difficult to manually pick out(mass fraction>58%).The compliance rate of loss on ignition was not high.The chemical composition and crystalline phase composition were similar to the bottom ash of municipal solid waste incineration.Except for a few samples whose As,Ni and Pb content were lower than the limit of“Soil environment quality-risk control standard for soil contamination of agricultural land”(GB 15618-2018),the rest of the heavy metal contents were much higher than this standard,but the heavy metal leaching toxicity of all samples were lower than the limit of“Identification standards for hazardous wastes-identification for extraction toxicity”(GB 5085.3-2007).Area,treatment process and season had great influence on physical composition,loss on ignition,heavy metal content and leaching toxicity,but the effect on chemical composition and crystalline phase composition was not obvious.

关 键 词：村镇生活垃圾 小型热处理炉 底渣 理化特性 

分 类 号：X799.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]