火星探测用透气降落伞气动干扰的数值模拟研究  

Numerical Simulation of Aerodynamic Interaction of Porosity Parachutes for Mars Exploration

作　　者：陈雅倩 贾贺[2,3] 徐欣[1] 荣伟 蒋伟[3] 王奇[3] 薛晓鹏 CHEN Yaqian;JIA He;XU Xin;RONG Wei;JIANG Wei;WANG Qi;XUE Xiaopeng(School of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;College of Aerospace Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China;Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics&Electricity,Beijing 100094,China;School of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310013,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学航空航天学院,长沙410083 [2]南京航空航天大学航空学院,南京210016 [3]北京空间机电研究所,北京100094 [4]浙江大学航空航天学院,杭州310013

出　　处：《航天返回与遥感》2022年第1期12-25,共14页Spacecraft Recovery & Remote Sensing

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(12072377,11702332,11972192);航天进入减速与着陆技术实验室开放基金(EDL19092126)。

摘　　要：超声速降落伞是火星探测成功的关键。目前唯一成功实现火星探测的降落伞伞型——盘缝带伞已经达到使用尺寸极限,美国NASA新一代超声速低密度降落伞的候选伞型——盘帆伞的试验却全部失败,这可能与其复杂的透气性结构(几何透气性和织物透气性)密切相关。为了实现未来新一代超声速降落伞的设计研制,文章以缩比的火星科学实验室盘缝带伞的刚性模型为研究对象,基于计算流体方法,针对来流马赫数和伞衣织物透气性对降落伞系统复杂流动和气动特性的影响开展了数值研究。结果表明:降落伞阻力系数在跨声速域有所下降,当Ma=1.4时达到峰值;织物透气性对降落伞系统的流场模式没有影响,但超跨声速段降落伞受织物透气性影响其阻力系数出现明显降低。文章的研究结果可为未来新一代火星探测用超声速降落伞的设计研制提供一定的理论参考和技术储备。The supersonic parachute is a key aerodynamic decelerator for the success of Mars exploration.Till now,the only successful parachute type for the Mars exploration is disk-gap-band parachute,which has reached its size limit.On the other hand,a supersonic disk-sail parachute,as a candidate for the new generation of supersonic low-density parachute of NASA,failed in its flight tests,which may be closely related to its complex porosity structures(including geometry porosity and fabric permeability).In order to design and develop a new generation of supersonic parachutes in the future,the unsteady flows over a rigid model of disk-gap-band parachute system of Mars Science Laboratory was numerically simulated in this paper.By using computational fluid method,numerical simulations were performed to study the influence of the freestream Mach number and fabric permeability of canopy on the complex flow and aerodynamic characteristics of the parachute system.As a result,it was found that the parachute drag coefficient decreases in the transonic flows and reaches a peak at Ma=1.4.In addition,the fabric permeability has little effects on the flow pattern around the parachute system.However,due to the influence of fabric permeability,the parachute drag coefficient decreases obviously in supersonic and transonic conditions.The results of the paper can provide some theoretical references and technical basis for the design and development of the supersonic parachute for the next generation of Mars exploration.

关 键 词：超声速降落伞 跨亚声速 织物透气性 数值模拟 火星探测 

分 类 号：V445[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]