企业管理情境下生态系统理论框架与未来研究方向  

The Ecosystem Theory in Management Research:Theoretical Framework and Future Directions

作　　者：韩进 李平 周海波 HAN Jin;LI Peter Ping;ZHOU Haibo(Hunan University of Technology,Zhuzhou,Hunan,China;Nottingham University,Ningbo,Zhejiang,China;Copenhagen Business School,Copenhagen,Denmark)

机构地区：[1]湖南工业大学商学院 [2]宁波诺丁汉大学商学院 [3]哥本哈根商学院国际经济管理系

出　　处：《管理学报》2022年第1期139-149,共11页Chinese Journal of Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助重点项目(71732007);国家公派留学基金资助项目(201606130012)。

摘　　要：鉴于目前尚缺乏具有广泛影响力的“生态系统”理论基础,包括缺乏具有广泛影响力的概念定义及内在因果逻辑的机理解释,基于复杂系统理论和生命周期视角,研究认为,企业管理情境下的生态系统具备自组织、相互依赖、基础设施和竞合过程四大核心特征,而这些特征构成生态系统理论框架的四大维度,其间的“统一性”揭示了生态系统的复杂性和动态性本质。进一步地,高绩效、高韧性的生态系统得益于:①由于缺乏核心控制者,众多异质性成员之间充分频繁互动,不断产生多元系统价值主张;②系统成员间具备“半结构化”的相互依赖,使生态系统能更具弹性,更有效地面对多变、不确定、复杂和模糊的情境;③多样化的赋能设施产生于并最终赋能异质性生态系统成员;④成员间通过竞合机制共创和共取价值,促使生态系统持续演进。Current literature lacks a unified definition of ecosystem and a consensus on core mechanisms of it.To address the research gap,this study builds a theoretical framework upon complex system theory and lifecycle perspective,and shows that the ecosystem in business context bears four special features as its four core dimensions:self-organization,interdependence,infrastructure,and co-opetition.These four key elements should not be perceived in isolation but holistically to reflect the ecosystem’s complexity and dynamic nature.Further,out-performing and resilient ecosystems rely on①diverse self-organized actors interacting spontaneously with no central controllers so that ecosystem-level value propositions can emerge smoothly;②semi-structured interdependence among actors facilitates an ecosystem to take advantage of VUCA(volatility,uncertainty,complexity,and ambiguity)as opportunities as well as defend against VUCA as threats;③strong infrastructures provided by an ecosystem enable all actors in their activities for value co-creation and co-capture;④actors co-create and co-capture value in the competition and cooperation mechanism and consequently co-evolve in a sustainable process.

关 键 词：生态系统 自组织 竞合过程 复杂系统理论 生命周期 

分 类 号：C93[经济管理—管理学]