湿润稻作体系中还田小麦秸秆分解及土壤活性碳变化特征  

Decomposition of returned wheat straw and change characteristics of soil active carbon in water-saturated rice production system

作　　者：陶玥玥[1,2] 周新伟 金梅娟[1,2] 施林林 陆长婴[1,2] 王海候 TAO Yue-yue;ZHOU Xin-wei;JIN Mei-juan;SHI Lin-lin;LU Chang-ying;WANG Hai-hou(Taihu Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Suzhou 215155,China;National Soil Quality Observation and Experimental Station in Xiangcheng,Suzhou 215155,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏太湖地区农业科学研究所,江苏苏州215155 [2]国家土壤质量相城观测实验站,江苏苏州215155

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2022年第1期94-101,共8页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32101854);江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目[CX21(3097)];苏州市农业科技项目(SNG2020051)

摘　　要：为探求稻田湿润灌溉对还田小麦秸秆腐解特征、土壤有机碳含量及其组分的影响,在太湖稻作区开展2年田间试验,设定秸秆还田与否(小麦秸秆不还田、小麦秸秆还田)和种植体系(常规淹水灌溉、湿润灌溉)双因素试验,采用原位模拟网袋法和土壤有机碳化学分组法测定还田小麦秸秆腐解率,碳、氮、磷、钾释放率以及土壤活性有机碳库和土壤总有机碳的变化。研究结果表明,湿润灌溉体系下还田小麦秸秆腐解率较常规淹水灌溉体系显著增加了12.5%,小麦秸秆碳、氮、磷的释放率分别显著增加了8.9%、9.8%和13.1%。小麦秸秆中钾释放较快,不同种植体系间无显著差异。与常规淹水灌溉体系相比,湿润灌溉体系的土壤活性有机碳含量显著提高,并且在小麦秸秆还田条件下更为明显,土壤微生物量碳有效性和活性有机碳有效性显著提高。与常规淹水灌溉相比,湿润灌溉可促进还田小麦秸秆养分释放以及土壤活性碳库提升,湿润灌溉可作为太湖稻作区可行的灌溉策略。To investigate the effects of saturated irrigation on the decomposition of wheat straw,soil organic carbon content and its components,a two-year field experiment was carried out in the rice growing area of Taihu Lake region.Two experimental factors of straw returning(with and without wheat straw returning)and rice growing system(traditional flooding and water-saturated irrigation)were included,using the simulated method with net bag in the field and soil organic carbon chemical grouping method,the rate of wheat straw decomposition,the release rates of carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium and changes of soil active organic carbon pool and total organic carbon were measured.Compared with the conventional flooding system,the decomposition rate of wheat straw in the water-saturated irrigation system was significantly increased by 12.5%,and the release rates of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus in wheat straw were significantly increased by 8.9%,9.8%and 13.1%,respectively.Potassium in wheat straw was released faster,and there was no significant difference between different planting systems.The content of soil active organic carbon in water-saturated irrigation system was significantly higher than that in the conventional flooding system,and it was more obvious under wheat straw returning.In addition,the soil microbial biomass carbon availability and active organic carbon availability were significantly improved.Hence,compared with the conventional flooding system,water-saturated irrigation system could promote the nutrient release rate of wheat straw and enhance the soil active carbon pool,which could be used as a feasible irrigation strategy in the rice-growing region of Taihu Lake.

关 键 词：稻麦轮作 湿润灌溉 小麦秸秆还田 秸秆腐解率 土壤活性有机碳 

分 类 号：S155.4[农业科学—土壤学]