“法律监督机关”的立法内涵、演进逻辑及内在机理  

The Legislative Content,Evolution Logic and Internal Mechanism of“Legal Supervision Organ”

作　　者：王海军[1] WANG Hai-jun(East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200042,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律文明史研究院,上海200042

出　　处：《现代法学》2022年第1期12-26,共15页Modern Law Science

基　　金：2021年度最高人民检察院检察理论研究课题重点课题“90年人民检察发展历程与启示”阶段性成果之一(GJ2021A01)。

摘　　要：“法律监督机关”是我国宪法对人民检察院的性质定位。1979年《人民检察院组织法》首次将“法律监督机关”法定化,立法内涵为注重法律监督下重建法制权威,是在中国检察理论和实践中形成的机关,侧重刑事诉讼监督和打击犯罪。1982年宪法使“法律监督机关”成为了宪法规范上的国家机关,基于宪法职能和诉讼制度改革而侧重于加强诉讼监督,并在监察体制改革下进行了自我更新,成为与监察委相互配合行使法律监督职能的机关。“法律监督机关”内涵演进的内在机理是人大体制下权力分工模式的必然要求,落实宪法规定的法律监督职能的重要选择,以及参与宪制层面政治体制改革的要求。“法律监督机关”概念内涵具有延展性,会随着立法修订和制度变迁衍生出新的内涵和解释,不断凸显中国特色社会主义检察理论的特性。“Legal supervision organ”is the nature orientation of the People’s Procuratorate in China’s Constitution.The enactment of Organic Law of the People’s Procuratorate in 1979 for the first time confirmed the“legal supervision organ”statutorily,the legislative connotation is to focus on rebuilding the authority of the legal system under the supervision of the law.It is an organ formed in the theory and practice of Chinese Procuratorial theory,focusing on the task of criminal litigation supervision and cracking down on crimes.The 1982 Constitution made the"legal supervision organs"a state organ on constitutional norms,based on the constitutional functions and litigation system reform and focus on strengthening litigation supervision,under the reform of the supervision system,it has conducted self-renewal and become an organ that cooperates with the supervision commission to exercise the legal supervision functions.The internal mechanism of the connotation evolution of"legal supervision organs"is the inevitable requirement of the division of power mode under the system of NPC,the important choice of carrying out the legal supervision function stipulated by the Constitution,and the requirement of participating in the political system reform at the constitutional level.The connotation of the concept of"legal supervision organ"is malleable,and will derive new connotation and interpretation along with the legislative revision and institutional change,and constantly highlight the characteristics of the socialist procuratorial theory with Chinese characteristics.

关 键 词：人民检察院 法律监督 法律监督机关 《人民检察院组织法》 

分 类 号：DF01[政治法律—法学理论]