《排华法案》与19世纪末20世纪初的中美关系  

The Chinese Exclusion Act and the Sino-American Relationship at the Turn of the 19^(th) Century and the 20^(th) Century

作　　者：杨晓燕 YANG Xiaoyan(Department of American Studies,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488;Faculty of Foreign Languages,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471000,Henan)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学美国研究系,北京102488 [2]河南科技大学外国语学院,河南洛阳471000

出　　处：《丽水学院学报》2022年第1期33-40,共8页Journal of Lishui University

摘　　要：19世纪末20世纪初,美国由自由资本主义向垄断资本主义过渡,劳资矛盾日益突出,排华成了政客和种族主义者转嫁矛盾的手段,排华浪潮迅速从加州蔓延至全国。美国政府公开违背条约,无视积贫积弱的清政府的抗议,通过一系列排华法,把排华从女性、劳工扩大至整个华人群体。1882年通过禁止华工入境十年的《排华法案》,到期后两次被延长,直至1904年被无限期延长,导致中美关系急剧恶化,引发了1905年的中国抵制美货运动,冲击了美国的“门户开放”政策,暴露了美式民主的虚伪,象征着中国民族主义精神的觉醒。直到美国参加二战,中国成为美国重要盟友,国际地位提高,美国才于1943年象征性地废除排华法。可见,中国自身的实力和国际地位是决定华侨华人在美地位的一个重要变量。The turn of the 19^(th) Century and the 20^(th) Century witnessed the transition of the USA from laissez-faire capitalism to monopolizing capitalism.With the increasingly intensifying conflict between employers and laborers,Chinese exclusion became a tool of shifting crisis by politicians and racists,spreading from California to the whole country.Ignoring the protest from the weak Qing government,the US government violated the Burlingham Treaty openly and passed a series of Chinese exclusion acts.At first the Chinese women became the target of exclusion,then the laborers and finally all the Chinese.The Chinese Exclusion Act passed in 1882 was extended twice after it expired in a ten-year term and eventually was extended indefinitely,in 1904,leading to the worsening of the Sino-American relationship.As a counterattack,Chinese people launched a boycott American goods movement in 1905,which was a great blow to the“Open Door”policy,symbolizing the awakening of Chinese nationalism as well as exposing the hypocrisy of American democracy.It was not until America's participation in the World War II that Chinese Exclusion Act was abolished symbolically with China as a key ally and the rising of China's international status.Obviously,China's national power and international status plays a decisive role in the social standing of Chinese Americans in the USA.

关 键 词：《排华法案》 19世纪末20世纪初 中美关系 华侨华人 国际地位 

分 类 号：K704[历史地理—历史学]