终止结核病流行须加强结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染高危人群筛查和预防性治疗的管理  

To end tuberculosis epidemic needs strengthen the management of screening and preventive treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in high-risk groups

作　　者：马艳[1] 陆伟[2] 高磊[3] 初乃惠[4] 周林[5] 成诗明 MA Yan;LU Wei;GAO Lei;CHU Nai-hui;ZHOU Lin;CHENG Shi-ming(Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanjing 210009,China;Institute of Pathogen Biology,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100730,China;Department of Tuberculosis,Beijing Chest Hospital,Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute,Beijing 101149,China;Department of Patient Care,National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China;Chinese Antituberculosis Association,Beijing 100710,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中医临床基础医学基础所,北京100700 [2]江苏省疾病预防控制中心,南京210009 [3]中国医学科学院病原生物学研究所,北京100730 [4]北京市结核病胸部肿瘤研究所/首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院结核一科,北京101149 [5]中国疾病预防控制中心结核病预防控制中心患者关怀部,北京102206 [6]中国防痨协会,北京100710

出　　处：《中国防痨杂志》2022年第3期209-214,共6页Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis

基　　金：“十二五”国家科技重大专项(2014ZX10003002-004、2015ZX09108-003);“十三五”国家科技重大专项(2018ZX10731301、2020ZX09201001-005、2018ZX10103001-001-008、2017ZX10201301-001-003、2017ZX09304009)。

摘　　要：当前,全球结核病发病率下降缓慢,给实现终止结核病目标带来了严峻的挑战。2020年估算全球结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染人群近20亿,在无预防性治疗干预情况下,其中有5%~10%的感染者在一生中会发展为活动性结核病,在结核病高危人群中发病率更高。世界卫生组织在全球范围内号召推广结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染(LTBI)的预防干预,以实现结核病发病率快速下降的目标。笔者就LTBI流行和预防性治疗的现状、高危人群发病风险、筛查方法、干预和管理建议等进行论述,为制定我国LTBI干预和管理策略及措施提供参考。Currently,the slow decline of tuberculosis incidence rate becomes a huge challenge to the goal of ending tuberculosis.In 2020,the estimated global latent tuberculosis infection(LTBI)population was nearly 2 billion.With the condition of no preventive intervention,5%to 10%of them will develop into active tuberculosis in the lifetime,and the incidence rate is higher in high-risk population.The World Health Organization has called for the promotion of the prevention of LTBI worldwide,so as to achieve the goal of a rapid decline in the incidence rate of tuberculosis.This paper reviews the current situation of LTBI epidemic and preventive treatment,the incidence risk of high-risk population,screening methods,intervention and management suggestions,etc.,in order to provide reference for formulating LTBI intervention and management strategies and measures in China.

关 键 词：分枝杆菌 结核 传染病潜伏期 诊断 预防和防护用药 

分 类 号：R52[医药卫生—内科学] R184.6[医药卫生—临床医学]