透射电子显微镜在聚合物不同层次结构研究中的应用  

Applications of Transmission Electron Microscopy in Study of Multiscale Structures of Polymers

作　　者：王绍娟[1] 辛瑞 扈健[1] 张昊[1] 闫寿科 Shao-juan Wang;Rui Xin;Jian Hu;Hao Zhang;Shou-ke Yan(Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics,Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics,Qingdao University of Science&Technology,Qingdao 266042;State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering,College of Materials Science and Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029)

机构地区：[1]青岛科技大学,橡塑材料与工程省部共建教育部重点实验室,青岛266042 [2]北京化工大学材料科学与工程学院,化工资源有效利用国家重点实验室,北京100029

出　　处：《高分子学报》2022年第3期289-306,共18页Acta Polymerica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(基金号52027804,22103046)资助项目。

摘　　要：聚合物材料的性能与功能取决于各级结构,其中化学结构决定材料的基本功能与性能,而不同层次聚集态结构能够改变材料的性能和赋予材料特殊功能,如高取向超高分子量聚乙烯的模量比相应非取向样品提高3个数量级,聚偏氟乙烯的β和γ结晶结构则能赋予其压电、铁电等特殊功能.因此,明确聚合物不同层次聚集态结构的形成机制、实现各层次结构的精准调控和建立结构-性能关联具有非常重要的意义,致使对聚合物各级结构及其构效关系的研究成为高分子物理学的一个重要领域.本文将着重介绍透射电子显微镜在聚合物不同层次结构研究中的应用,内容包括仪器的工作原理、样品的制备方法、获得高质量实验数据的仪器操作技巧、实验结果的正确分析以及能够提供的相应结构信息.The performance and functionality of polymeric materials depend strongly on the multiscale structures.While the chemical structure of a polymer determines its basic property and functionality,the structures at different scales in solid state can change the performance and even enable the polymer special functions.For example,the modulus of highly oriented ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene is three orders of magnitude higher than that of its non-oriented counterpart.For the polymorphic poly(vinylidene fluoride),special piezoelectric and ferroelectric functions can be endowed by crystallizing it in theβandγcrystal modifications.Therefore,it is of great significance to disclose the structure formation mechanism of polymers at all levels,to realize the precise regulation of them and to correlate them with their performance.This leads to the study of polymer structure at varied scales and the related structure-property relationship a very important research field of polymer physics.Here in this paper,we will focus on the application of transmission electron microscopy in the study of different hierarch structures of polymers,including a brief introduction of the working principle of transmission electron microscopy,special techniques used for sample preparation and for instrument operation to get high-quality experimental data,analysis of the results and correlation of them to different structures.

关 键 词：聚合物 透射电子显微镜 样品制备 仪器操作 结构解释 

分 类 号：TQ317[化学工程—高聚物工业]