面向防控农业面源污染的耕地质量监测评价及思考  

Monitoring,Evaluation and Thinking of Cultivated Land Quality for the Prevention and Control of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution

作　　者：许俊伟 韩雪梅 杨梖 俞映倞[2] 赵永坤[3] 薛利红[2] 李庆魁[4] XU Junwei;HAN Xuemei;YANG Bei;YU Yinliang;ZHAO Yongkun;XUE Lihong;LI Qingkui(Agricultural environment and Soil Fertilizer Station of Wuzhong District,Suzhou 215100,China;Jiangsu Acade-my of Agricultural Sciences,Institute of agricultural resources and environment,Nanjing 210014,China;Chinese academy of Agricultural Sciences,Institute of environment and sustainable development in agriculture,Beijing 100018,China;Suzhou polytechnic institute of argiculture,Suzhou 215108,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州市吴中区农业环境与土壤肥料站,江苏苏州215100 [2]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,江苏南京210014 [3]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [4]苏州农业职业技术学院,江苏苏州215008

出　　处：《安徽农学通报》2022年第4期85-90,共6页Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：苏州市科技创新项目(SNG2017069);江苏省生态环境科研课题(JSZC-JC2020-053);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金(CX(19)1007)。

摘　　要：农田耕地土壤质量对农业生产至关重要,也是农业面源污染防控指导的重要依据。摸清农田土壤养分现状,分析耕地土壤演变态势可为种植业绿色可持续发展提供科学指向。该文在太湖典型水网区苏州市吴中区设立研究样点,连续3年定时定点采集典型农田土壤样品,监测涉及到农业面源污染土壤指标,并基于基础评级法、单因子指标法和内梅罗指数法等3种科学评价方法对其指标进行评价。结果表明:以基础评级法来看,土壤pH值、土壤总氮和土壤有效氮年均值均处于等级Ⅱ及以上,土壤有机质年均值在第3年由等级Ⅱ降为等级Ⅲ,土壤有效磷年均值处于等级Ⅲ;以单因子指标法来看,土壤pH值和有机质年际之间呈现微弱变好趋势,土壤氮的情况较好且稳定,土壤有效磷是主要的短板,需要进行关注调控;以内梅罗指数法来看,17个监测点位综合评级全部为中级甚至高级。总之,该区域代表样点耕地土壤养分库存较好,宜进一步采取农业面源污染控制措施。The soil quality of farmland plays a scientific reference role in agricultural production in the coming year,and it is also an important basis for the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution.Finding out the current situation of farmland soil nutrients and analyzing the evolution trend of farmland soil can provide a scientific direction for the green and sustainable development of planting industry.In this paper,research samples were set up in Wuzhong District,Suzhou City,a typical water network area of Taihu Lake.Typical farmland soil samples were collected regularly for three consecutive years to monitor the soil indicators of agricultural non-point source pollution and tested pH,organic matter(SOM),total nitrogen(TN),available nitrogen(AN)and available phosphorus(AP).Basic rating method,Single factor index method and Nemerow index method were used to evaluate soil quality.The results show that:from an angle of Basic rating method,the annual mean values of pH,TN and AN are at grade II or above,the annual mean values of SOM decrease from grade II to grade III in the third year,the annual mean values of AP are at grade III,and the annual mean values of AK decrease from grade I to grade III in the second year;from an angle of single factor index method,pH and SOM show a weak improved trend,both AN and TN are good and stable,the main short board factor is AP,which need attention and regulation;from an angle of Nemerow index method,all of the comprehensive rating are intermediate or even advanced.In short,the soil nutrient inventory of cultivated land in the representative sample points of this area are good,and it is suitable to take further agricultural non-point source pollution control measures.

关 键 词：耕地 监测 评价 面源污染 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]