水氮运筹对玉米产量及水氮利用效率的影响  

The Combined Effects of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization on Yield and Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Summer Maize

作　　者：高翠民[1,2,3,4] 丁晋利 张洁梅[6] 姜玉琴[7] 何方 杨永辉[1,2,3,4] 武继承 GAO Cuimin;DING Jinli;ZHANG Jiemei;JIANG Yuqin;HE Fang;YANG Yonghui;WU Jicheng(Institute of Plant Nutrition,Agricultural Resources and Environmental Sciences,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Yuanyang Experimental Station of Crop Water Use,Ministry of Agriculture,Yuanyang 453514,China;Henan Key Laboratory of Agricultural Eco-environment,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Water-saving Agriculture in the Yellow River Basin of Henan Province,Yuanyang 453514,China;Zhengzhou Normal University,Zhengzhou 450044,China;College of Agronomy,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Xunxian Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Xunxian 456250,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,郑州450002 [2]农业部作物高效用水原阳科学观测实验站,河南原阳453514 [3]河南省农业生态环境重点实验室,郑州450002 [4]河南省黄河流域节水农业野外科学观测研究站,河南原阳453514 [5]郑州师范学院,郑州450044 [6]河南农业大学农学院,郑州450046 [7]浚县农业农村局,河南浚县456250

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2022年第2期44-51,共8页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300708,2017YFD0301102);河南省农业科学院优秀青年科技基金项目(2020YQ06);河南省农业科学院自主创新专项基金项目(2021ZC33)。

摘　　要：【目的】确定适合豫北灌溉区玉米的高产高效和节水增效的水氮运筹模式。【方法】采用随机区组设计实施了为期3 a田间定位试验,试验设置3个灌水量:灌0水(A1),灌2水(A2)和灌3水(A3);2个氮肥运筹:B1:基肥(70%)+小喇叭口期(20%)+灌浆期(10%),B2:基肥(60%)+小喇叭口期(25%)+灌浆期(15%),共6个处理,并分析灌水次数和氮肥运筹对玉米产量和水氮利用效率的影响。【结果】灌水次数(A)和氮肥运筹(B)对玉米产量、水分利用效率(WUE)、灌水利用效率(IWUE)和氮肥偏生产力(NPFP)的影响均极显著,而A×B交互作用对其没有显著影响。2017年和2019年玉米产量、WUE和NPFP的变化规律为A3B2处理>A2B2处理>A3B1处理>A2B1处理>A1B2处理>A1B1处理;而2018年玉米产量和NPFP为A3B2处理>A3B1处理>A2B2处理>A2B1处理>A1B2处理>A1B1处理,WUE为A3B2处理>A3B1处理>A2B2处理>A1B2处理>A1B1处理>A2B1处理,且2017—2019年A3B1处理玉米产量、WUE和NPFP与A2B2处理间没有显著性差异。与对照(A1B2处理)相比,2017—2019年A3B2处理玉米产量、WUE和NPFP分别增加20.2%~39.6%、4.8%~10.9%和20.2%~39.6%。2017—2019年玉米IWUE均随着灌水次数的增加而降低,其中均以A2B2处理最高,较A3B2处理增加30.2%~91.9%。此外,2017—2019年A2B2处理玉米产量和NPFP显著高于A1B2处理,分别增加11.3%~21.1%和11.3%~21.2%。【结论】A3B2处理为豫北灌区玉米最佳高产高效模式,A2B2处理为豫北灌区玉米最佳节水增效模式。【Objective】Water and nitrogen are integrative in their impacts on root uptake of water and nutrients from soil.The purpose of this paper is to screen for optimal combination of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization for sustaining summer maize production in north of Henan province.【Method】 A 3-year experiment designed in randomized block was conducted from 2017 to 2019 in a maize field.It compared three irrigation schedules:rainfed(A1),irrigation twice(A2),and irrigation three times(A3) during growing season of the crop;for each irrigation treatment,there were two nitrogen fertilizations:applying 70%,20% and 10% of the fertilizer as basal fertilization,at small trumpet and filling stage respectively(B1),applying 60%,25% and 15% of the fertilizer as basal,at small trumpet and filling stage respectively(B2).During the experiment,we measured water and nitrogen use efficiency,as well as the grain yield.【Result】Irrigation amount and nitrogen fertilization in separation affected yield,water use efficiency(WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE),as well as partial productivity of the nitrogen(NPFP)far more significantly than their combination.The impact of the treatments on yield,WUE and NPFP in 2017 and 2019 was ranked in the order of A3 B2 > A2 B2 > A3 B1 > A2 B1 > A1 B2 > A1 B1.In 2018,their impact on yield and NPFP was ranked in the order of A3 B2 > A3 B1 > A2 B2 > A2 B1 > A1 B2 > A1 B1 in 2018,and on WUE the ranking was A3 B2 > A3 B1 > A2 B2 > A1 B2 > A1 B1 > A2 B1.There were no significant differences in yield,WUE and NPFP between A3 B1 and A2 B2.A3 B2 gave the highest yield,WUE and NPFP consistently over the three years,increasing by 20.2%~39.6%,4.8%~10.9% and 20.2%~39.6%,respectively,compared with A1 B2.During the experimental period,IWUE decreased as the irrigation frequency increased.The yield and NPFP of A2 B2 were 11.3%~21.1% and 11.3%~21.2% higher than those of A1 B2.【Conclusion】A3 B2 was optimal for increasing yield while A2 B2 was optimal for improving water use efficiency for maize

关 键 词：水氮运筹 玉米 产量 水分利用效率 氮肥偏生产力 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S318