引黄泥沙对黏质盐土的改良效果及其对冬小麦产量的影响  

Amending Clayey Saline Soil with Yellow River Sediments to Improve the Yield of Winter Wheat in the Delta of Yellow River

作　　者：陈超帆 毛伟兵[1] 孙玉霞[1] 郭同铠 曲晓玲 CHEN Chaofan;MAO Weibing;SUN Yuxia;GUO Tongkai;QU Xiaoling(Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an 271000,China;Lijin River Authority,Dongying 257000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学,山东泰安271000 [2]利津河务局,山东东营257000

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2022年第2期118-123,共6页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目(2019GSF109014)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究引黄泥沙对黏质盐土的改良效果及对冬小麦产量的影响,找出适宜的引黄泥沙用量。【方法】在黄河三角洲地区进行大田试验,研究不同引黄泥沙用量(0、5、10、15、20、25、30、35kg/m^(2))对黏质盐土的体积质量、饱和导水率、含水率变化、含盐量以及冬小麦产量的影响。【结果】引黄泥沙降低了土壤体积质量,且土壤体积质量随着引黄泥沙用量的增加而降低;引黄泥沙提高了土壤饱和导水率,且土壤饱和导水率随着引黄泥沙用量的增加呈指数型增加;引黄泥沙降低了0~20cm和20~40cm土层的土壤含水率和含盐量,其中引黄泥沙用量为15 kg/m^(2)时,与不使用引黄泥沙相比0~20 cm土层的土壤含水率和含盐量分别降低了16.61%、22.89%,20~40 cm土层的土壤含水率和含盐量分别降低了12.86%、22.44%。引黄泥沙提高了冬小麦产量,且冬小麦产量随着引黄泥沙用量的增加呈先增加后减少的趋势。其中引黄泥沙用量为15 kg/m^(2)时冬小麦产量最高,为7 530.98 kg/hm^(2),与不使用引黄泥沙相比提高了32.78%。产量构成中穗粒数对冬小麦产量的作用最大。【结论】使用引黄泥沙能够改良黏质盐土并提高冬小麦的产量,综合比较,15 kg/m^(2)的泥沙用量最为适宜。【Objective】The delta of Yellow River is characterized by soil salinity.Different methods have been proposed to remediate it,and the objective of this paper is to investigate the efficacy of amending it with Yellow River sediments in reliving the salinity and improving winter wheat yield.【Method】The field experiment was conducted in a saline clay soil which was amended with Yellow River sediment at rates of 0 kg/m^(2),5 kg/m^(2),10 kg/m^(2),15 kg/m^(2),20 kg/m^(2),25 kg/m^(2),30 kg/m^(2),35 kg/m^(2)respectively.For each treatment,we measured the changes in saturated hydraulic conductivity,soil water content and soil salinity,as well as grain yield and yield traits.【Result】Soil amendment reduced the soil bulk density,with the decrease increased with the amending rate.The sediment amendment also increased the saturated hydraulic conductivity,exponentially as sediment application increased.The amendment reduced soil moisture content and salt content in the 0~40 cm of soil layer.Applying 15 kg/m^(2)of the sediment reduced the soil water content and salt content in the 0~20 cm and 20-40 cm of soils by 16.61% and 22.89%,and 12.86% and 22.44%,respectively,compared to the control without amendment.Soil amendment also increased winter wheat yield.As the sediment application increased,the yield increased first followed by decline.Of all treatments we compared,applying 15 kg/m^(2)of the sediment was optimal,increasing the yield to 7 530.98 kg/hm^(2),a 32.78% increase over the control.【Conclusion】Amending the saline clay soil in the delta of the Yellow River with Yellow River sediment at a rational rate can improve soil quality and winter wheat yield.For our experiments,the optimal application rate was 15 kg/m^(2).

关 键 词：引黄泥沙 黏质盐土 冬小麦产量 改良 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]