空气阀在多水源高扬程供水工程中的水锤防护研究  

The Efficacy of Air Valve in Ameliorating Water Hammer in Multi-source and High-lift Water Supply Projects

作　　者：仇为鑫 张健[2] 吴旭敏 崔伟杰 QIU Weixin;ZHANG Jian;WU Xumin;CUI Weijie(Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited,Powerchina,Hangzhou 311122,China;Hohai University,Nanjing 210000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司,杭州311122 [2]河海大学,南京210000

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2022年第2期140-146,共7页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0401810);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(51709087);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2018B55514)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究多水源高扬程供水工程在断电停泵时的水力过渡特性及其水锤防护措施。【方法】基于一维瞬变流理论和特征线法,对空气阀采用自由气体空穴理论,建立供水系统整体数学模型。针对无防护措施下的断电工况过渡过程计算结果,选择在水泵出口侧和扬水管地面段末端设置快关式逆止阀,在供水管道局部高点设置空气阀的联合水锤防护措施,并进行了空气阀参数的敏感性分析。【结果】在未采取水锤防护措施时,在水泵出口侧发生较大压降且供水管道沿线最低内水压力严重超标。在采取合适的水锤防护措施后,在断电工况下,水泵无反转且泵后最小压力不低于-5m,泵后扬水管最小压力不低于-5m,供水主管最大压力不超过160m,最小压力不低于-5m。【结论】空气阀可对水泵出口侧和供水管道的负压起到很好的控制效果。【Objective】Hydraulic hammer is a common phenomenon,and the purpose of this paper is to study the effect of air valve on hydraulic transient and water hammer protection of multi-source and high-lift water supply project when the pumps were losing power.【Method】The model of water supply system was established using the one-dimensional hydraulic transients and the method of characteristic(MOC);Free gas cavitation theory was used to describe the air valve.Quick-closing check valves were installed on the outlet of the pump and at the end of the ground section of the water lift pipe,respectively.Air valves are set at the high points of the water supply pipeline based on the calculated transition process under power-off conditions without any protective measures.The sensitivity of the air valve to different parameters was analyzed.【Result】In the absence of any protection measures,there was a large pressure drop at the outlet of the pump;the lowest water pressure in the water supply pipeline exceeded the standard value.After adding the protection device,the pump has no reversal;the minimum pressure behind the pump was more than-5 m,the minimum pressure of the water lift pipe behind the pump was more than-5 m,the maximum pressure of the water supply main pipe was lower than 160 m,and the minimum pressure was higher than-5 m.【Conclusion】The air valve has a good impact on controlling the negative pressure in both outlet of the water pump and the water supply pipeline.Our results have an implication for the design of water supply pumps for hydraulic projects.

关 键 词：多水源 高扬程 水锤 快关逆止阀 空气阀 孔口面积 

分 类 号：S277.7[农业科学—农业水土工程] TV732.4[农业科学—农业工程]