固原市主要农作物生育期有效降水与需水量特征  

Characteristics of Effective Precipitation and Water Requirements of Main Crops in Whole Growth Period in Guyuan

作　　者：马芳 张维江[1] 冯娜 黄艳 MA Fang;ZHANG Weijiang;FENG Na;HUANG Yan(School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Haiyuan County Water Authority,Haiyuan,Ningxia 755200,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院,银川750021 [2]宁夏海原县水务局,宁夏海原755200

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2022年第1期205-212,223,共9页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划重大(重点)项目“宁南山区生态恢复与水资源潜力开发研究与示范”(2018BEG02010)。

摘　　要：由于干旱地区常年降雨资源匮乏,为提高旱区降雨资源的高效利用及更加精准的掌握该地区主要农作物的水分供需平衡状况。采用美国农业部(USDA)土壤保持局推荐的有效降水量和联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)推荐的参考作物蒸散量计算方法、线性分析法、Mann-Kendall检验法及小波分析法,研究了固原地区近60年3种主要农作物的有效降雨量及需水量的时空变化趋势。结果表明:(1)3种作物生育期平均有效降水分布在68.8~177 mm,玉米和马铃薯生育期有效降雨量呈减小趋势,春小麦呈上升趋势,且有效降水周期呈大—小—大的变化规律;(2)3种作物生育期平均需水量主要分布在233.7~439.3 mm,生育期需水量均呈上升趋势,分别为2.4 mm/10 a,0.8 mm/10 a,2.3 mm/10 a,需水量周期也呈“大—小—大”的变化规律;(3)马铃薯、玉米、春小麦的平均水分盈亏指数为-38.0%,-57.5%,-58.7%,玉米和春小麦对灌溉的依赖程度较马铃薯高。综合考虑分析固原地区多年降水和作物需水分布特征的趋势,研究结果可以为该地区3种农作物合理种植及灌溉提供理论依据,同时为发展该地区主要特色农产品及提高农民经济收入提供数据支撑。Due to the perennial lack of rainfall resources in arid areas,it provides theoretical support for improving the efficient utilization of rainfall resources in arid areas and more accurately grasping the balance of water supply and demand of main crops in this region.In effective rainfall recommended by the United States Department of Agriculture(USDA)Soil Conservation Bureau and the amount of reference crop evapotranspiration calculation method recommended by UN′s Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO),the linear analysis,Mann-Kendall test and the wavelet analysis method were used to examine spatial and temporal variations of effective rainfall and water demand evalution trend of the three main crops nearly 60 years.The results are as follows.(1)The average effective precipitation in the growth period of the three crops ranged from 68.8~177 mm,the effective precipitation in the growth period of corn and potato showed the decreasing trend,and the effective precipitation in the growth period of spring wheat showed the increasing trend,and the effective precipitation period showed a big-small-big change pattern.(2)The average water demands of the three crops in the growth period mainly distributed in the range of 233.7~439.3 mm,and the water demands in the growth period showed an upward trend,which were 2.4,0.8,2.3 mm/decade,respectively.The water demand cycle also showed a‘big-small-big’change pattern.(3)The average water-deficit indexes of potato,maize and spring wheat were-38.0%,-57.5%and-58.7%,respectively,and maize and spring wheat were more dependent on irrigation than potato.These research results can provide theoretical basis for the rational planting and irrigation of three crops in Guyuan,and provide more bases for the development of the main characteristic agricultural products and the improvement of farmers′economic income.

关 键 词：宁夏固原 有效降雨 作物需水量 水分盈亏指数 

分 类 号：S161.6[农业科学—农业气象学]