德法合治探源——从社会共同体与人性的角度切入  

The origin of the combination of rule of law and rule of virtue——From the perspective of social community and human nature

作　　者：郭忠[1] GUO Zhong(Administrative Law School,Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学行政法学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《重庆大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第1期231-244,共14页Journal of Chongqing University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“法治与德治的治理机制研究”(20AFX002)。

摘　　要：社会共同体是人们彼此信任、认同、团结互助,在共同的价值观之下有着凝聚力的社会。在这种社会中把人与人粘合在一起的,一是利益,二是情感。但是面对利益冲突,仅靠公平来维系利益之间的粘合是不够的,还需要建立社会主体之间的情感纽带,让个体体会到自己是共同体中不可分割的有机组成部分。从中国国家制度和国家治理体系的显著优势中可以发现,中国国家治理所致力的是建立社会共同体。全社会需要在党的领导下,凝聚社会共识,在思想上精神上紧紧团结在一起,实现一个共同的社会目标。在社会共同体的建构中,法治和德治具有互补和互助的作用。法治是赋予法律至高的政治地位,使其具备权威和能量来进行治理的一种治理方式。而德治则是赋予道德崇高的价值地位,使其具备权威和能量来进行治理的一种治理方式。法治着重于在社会分化中确立秩序,德治则努力弥合社会分化中的感情疏远和价值裂痕,二者在社会共同体的建构里发挥出相互补充的作用。法治和德治还存在互助作用。第一,法治为德治保底。法治保障了道德的底线,也使德治有了可靠的保障。第二,德治为法治固本。通过德治可以维系和强化社会道德纽带,进一步巩固法律的道德根基。法治和德治的结合不仅是社会共同体治理的最佳组合,同时还存在着人性的基础,而这种人性基础也能被大脑的心理机制所证实。根据现代心理学和大脑神经科学,大脑存在两个系统,一个负责进行逻辑运算,是不带感情的理性系统,另一个是接受外界刺激直接生成情绪和情感的系统。这两个系统既分工合作,又相互制约。由于法律调整利益关系的功能,它需要依赖大脑理性系统。德治则依赖大脑情绪性系统,也进一步调整情绪性系统,强化人与人之间的感情纽带,从而实现一种秩序。中国传统德治�A social community is a society where people trust, identify, unite and help each other, and have cohesion under common values.In this kind of society, people are glued together by interest and emotion.However, in the face of conflicts of interest, it is not enough to rely on fairness to maintain the bond between interests.It is also necessary to establish emotional bonds between social subjects so that individuals can realize that they are an inseparable and organic part of the community.From the significant advantages of China’s national system and national governance system, it can be found that China’s national governance strives to establish a social community.The whole society needs to gather social consensus under the leadership of the Party, unite together ideologically and spiritually, and achieve a common social goal.In the construction of a social community, the rule of law and the rule of virtue play a complementary and mutually helpful role.The rule of law is a way of governance that gives the law the supreme political status, so that it has the authority and energy to govern.The rule of virtue is a way of governance that gives morality a lofty value status, so that it has the authority and energy to govern.The rule of law focuses on establishing order in social differentiation, while the rule of virtue strives to bridge the emotional alienation and value rift in social differentiation.The two play a complementary role in the construction of a social community.The rule of law and the rule of virtue also have mutual assistance.First, the rule of law guarantees the bottom line of morality, and it also provides a reliable guarantee for the rule of morality.Second, the rule of virtue has consolidated the foundation of the rule of law.The rule of virtue can maintain and strengthen the social moral bond and further consolidate the moral foundation of the law.The combination of rule of law and rule of virtue is not only the best combination of social community governance, but also has a humannature foun

关 键 词：法治 德治 社会共同体 人性 精神同构 

分 类 号：D920[政治法律—法学] D648