长期不同施肥下潮土磷素演变特征及其对磷盈亏的响应  

Evolution characteristics of soil phosphorus and its response to soil phosphorus balance in fluvo-aquic soil under long-term fertilization

作　　者：张珂珂[1] 郭斗斗[1] 宋晓 岳克 黄晨晨 张水清[1] 黄绍敏[1] ZHANG Ke-ke;GUO Dou-dou;SONG Xiao;YUE Ke;HUANG Chen-chen;ZHANG Shui-qing;HUANG Shao-min(Institute of Plant Nutrient and Environmental Resources,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou Henan 450002;College of Agronomy,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou Henan 450006)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]郑州大学农学院,河南郑州450006

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第1期112-121,共10页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(212102110051);国家自然科学基金项目(31801261);基础性科研项目(2022JC12);河南省农业科学院自主创新项目(2021ZC31);科技基础资源调查专项(2021FY100503);河南省农科院创新团队(TD19)。

摘　　要：以"国家潮土土壤肥力与肥料效益长期监测站"的定位试验为平台,选取试验中的5个处理,即1)NK(不施磷肥);2)NPK(施氮磷钾化肥);3)MNPK(NPK化肥+有机肥);4)1.5MNPK(MNPK处理施肥量的1.5倍);5)SNPK(NPK化肥+秸秆还田),分析不同施肥下土壤全磷(TP)和有效磷(Olsen-P)的演变规律,探讨土壤全磷增量、有效磷增量与土壤磷盈亏的关系。结果表明,NK处理土壤磷素一直处于亏缺状态,施磷处理土壤磷素均有盈余,其中1.5MNPK处理作物磷素盈余量最高;MNPK、SNPK处理作物磷素盈余量比NPK处理分别提高了12.01%、10.86%。试验28年后SNPK处理土壤TP、Olsen-P增幅比NPK处理分别提高了3.08、55.34个百分点;1.5MNPK处理土壤的TP、Olsen-P含量增幅最高。随试验年限延长,NPK、SNPK处理土壤TP、Olsen-P含量呈上升趋势;MNPK、1.5MNPK处理土壤TP含量呈上升趋势,年增幅分别为0.022、0.028 g·kg^(-1),土壤Olsen-P含量在试验前13年呈现快速上升,之后2~3年维持平稳,后12年呈下降趋势;施磷处理土壤TP和Olsen-P增量与磷素累积盈余呈正相关,土壤磷素每盈余100 kg·hm^(-1),土壤TP含量提高0.04~0.33 g·kg^(-1)、土壤Olsen-P含量提高1.94~2.97 mg·kg^(-1),其中MNPK处理磷素增加最高。综上,土壤TP和Olsen-P增量随磷素盈亏而变化。氮磷钾化肥配施有机肥或配施秸秆还田促进作物对磷的吸收。施磷处理均增加土壤TP、Olsen-P含量,且氮磷钾化肥配施有机肥增加速度最快。Based on a long-term fertilization experiment on“National Long-term Monitoring Station of Fluvo-aquic Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Effects”,five treatments in the positioning experiment were selected as follows:1)no phosphatefertilizer(NK),2)chemical fertilizer only(NPK),3)chemical fertilizer plus farmyard manure(MNPK),4)1.5 times of application rates of chemical fertilizer plus farmyard manure(1.5MNPK),5)chemical fertilizer plus maize straw(SNPK).Soil TP and available P(Olsen-P) under different fertilization treatments were determined,and the relationships between the incremental soil TP,Olsen-P and cumulative phosphorus balance were discussed.The results indicated that the soil phosphorus content in NK treatment was deficient every year,while it displayed a surplus state in treatments with phosphorus fertilizer,and the highest phosphorus accumulation were found under 1.5MNPK treatment.Compared with the NPKtreatment,phosphorus accumulation under MNPK and SNPK treatments increased by 12.01% and 10.86%,respectively.After 28 years,compared with NPK,the range of TP and Olsen-P increment for SNPK treatment increased by 3.08,55.34percentage points,respectively,and the TP and Olsen-P contents were the highest under 1.5MNPK treatment.TP and Olsen-P contents under NPK and SNPK treatments were positively correlated with the number of experimental years.TPcontent under MNPK and 1.5MNPK treatments were positively correlated with the number of experiment years with the annual increase rates of 0.022,0.028 g·kg^(-1),respectively.The soil Olsen-P contents were increased quickly in the first13 years,while the Olsen-P contents were relatively stable in the latter 2~3 years,and then showed the decreasing trend with advance of experimental time.Changes of TP and Olsen-P were significantly affected by phosphorus balance.For every phosphorus of 100 kg·hm^(-1)surplus in the soil,TP increased by 0.04~0.33 g·kg^(-1),and Olsen-P increased by 1.94~2.97mg·kg^(-1),among them,chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer had

关 键 词：长期肥料试验 潮土 全磷 有效磷 磷累积盈亏 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]