基于鲫鱼流线的气送式排种系统分配器仿生设计与试验  

Biomimetic Design and Experiment of Distributor of Pneumatic Seeding System Based on Crucian Curve

作　　者：李衍军[1] 赵金辉[1,2] 赵佳乐[3] 刘立晶[1,2] 刘瑞 LI Yanjun;ZHAO Jinhui;ZHAO Jiale;LIU Lijing;LIU Rui(Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences,Beijing 100083,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil Plant Machinery System Technology,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences,Beijing 100083,China;College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering,Jilin University,Changchun 130022,China;College of Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业机械化科学研究院,北京100083 [2]中国农业机械化科学研究院土壤植物机器系统技术国家重点实验室,北京100083 [3]吉林大学生物与农业工程学院,长春130022 [4]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2022年第2期80-87,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0700702)。

摘　　要：针对气流输送式排种系统分配器工作过程中存在紊流等现象破坏种子流分配均匀性的问题,以鲫鱼流线型曲线为仿生原型,提出了一种分配器仿生设计方法。对鲫鱼进行三维扫面,获取点云数据,利用Matlab软件拟合得到4条鲫鱼流线型曲线,设计4种不同结构分配器,同时采用标准kε模型非稳态的Lagrangian耦合算法对4种仿生结构分配器与原结构分配器进行气固两相流耦合仿真对比,得到最优结构。采用二次回归通用旋转组合设计试验,以播种量和风机频率作为影响因素,以各行排量一致性变异系数作为试验指标,对最优结构分配器开展验证试验。仿真分析结果表明:根据前上部曲线设计的分配器基本消除紊流现象且压力损失与各行排量一致性变异系数最小,确定其为最优结构。验证试验结果表明:优化后的分配器各行排量一致性变异系数不大于3.72%,满足实际生产需求,说明流线型分配器能够有效提高排种系统种子分配均匀性。For solving the problem of turbulence and other phenomena destroying the uniformity of seed flow distribution during the working process of the pneumatic seeding system distributor,a bionic design method of the distributor based on the streamlined curve of crucian as a bionic prototype was proposed.The crucian was three-dimensionally scanned to obtain point cloud data,and four crucian streamline curves were fitted by Matlab,and four different structural distributors were designed by the curves.At the same time,the standard kεmodel unsteady Lagrangian coupling algorithm was used to simulate the four types of bionics.The gas-solid coupling simulation comparison between the structure distributor and the original structure distributor was carried out to obtain the optimal structure.The quadratic regression universal rotating combination design test was adopted,the seeding rate and the fan frequency were used as influencing factors,and the coefficient of variation of the discharge consistency of each row was used as the test index to carry out the verification test for the optimal structure distributor.The simulation analysis results showed that the distributor designed by the upper curve of the front basically eliminated turbulence and had the smallest coefficient of variation between the pressure loss and the displacement of each row.It was determined that it was the optimal structure.The verification test results showed that the maximum value of the coefficient of variation of the consistency of each row of the optimized distributor was 3.72%,which was less than the standard requirement and met the actual production demand,indicating that the streamlined distributor can effectively improve the uniformity of seed distribution in the seeding system.It can provide reference for the design and optimization of the distributor for the air conveying type metering system.

关 键 词：气流输送式排种系统 分配器 鲫鱼流线 仿生设计 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]