配施不同腐秆剂对还稻田麦秸腐解和水稻产量的影响  

Impact of Various SDMIs on Wheat Straw Decomposition and Rice Yield

作　　者：黄薇 吴凉萍 宋路遥 柴如山 刘梦丽 陆银萍 曹小闯 邬刚[2] 马超 HUANG Wei;WU Liangping;SONG Luyao;CHAI Rushan;LIU Mengli;LU Yinping;CAO Xiaochuang;WU Gang;MA Chao(Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention,Key Laboratory of JiangHuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-restoration,College of Resources and Environment,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China;Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Anhui Academy of Agriculture Sciences,Hefei 230031,China;Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;CNSG Anhui Hongsifang Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230000,China;State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology,China National Rice Research Institute,Hangzhou 310006,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室,江淮耕地资源保护与生态修复重点实验室,合肥230036 [2]安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,合肥230031 [3]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008 [4]中盐安徽红四方肥业股份有限公司,合肥230000 [5]水稻生物学国家重点实验室,中国水稻研究所,杭州310006

出　　处：《土壤》2022年第1期40-46,共7页Soils

基　　金：安徽省自然科学基金项目(1808085MD97);中国科学院STS区域重点项目(KFJ-STS-QYZD-164);大学生创新创业项目(XJDC2020455,202010364071)资助。

摘　　要：为阐明沿淮地区秸秆还田配施不同腐秆剂在秸秆腐解和水稻产量方面的差异,遴选出适合该区域使用的腐秆剂。本研究通过安徽省霍邱县的麦秆促腐还田定位试验,深入分析了秸秆还田和氮磷钾优化平衡施肥后不施腐秆剂(SF)、施腐秆剂1号(SFD1)、施腐秆剂2号(SFD2)和施腐秆剂3号(SFD3)等处理连续两年在秸秆腐解和水稻产量等方面的差异。结果表明:①不同处理间秸秆累积腐解率连续两年的差异均不大,但秸秆腐解速率第一年存在较大差异,其中SFD2处理的最大,较SF、SFD1和SFD3处理分别增加了70.6%、262.5%和93.3%;②水稻产量连续两年也均以SFD2处理为最高,分别为8592.84 kg/hm^(2)和7538.70 kg/hm^(2),显著高于其余腐秆剂施用处理(P<0.05);相关性分析显示,水稻产量与秸秆腐解速率之间相关性最高(第一年,r=0.45;第二年,r=0.48);③不同处理对土壤微生物量的影响在两年间均表现出显著作用,但无明显规律可循;偏最小二乘法回归分析显示,两年的还田麦秸腐解速率均受土壤微生物生物量C/N的调控。综上,沿淮地区麦秸促腐还稻田配施2号腐秆剂最利于秸秆促腐和作物增产。This study investigated the impact of the different straw decomposing microorganism inoculum(SDMI)on straw decomposition and rice yield in a paddy soil along the Huai River,Huoqiu County of Anhui Province,in which four treatments were designed,which included straw returning with optimized NPK fertilization then applied SDMI NO.1(SFD1),or SDMI NO.2(SFD2),or SDMI NO.3(SFD3)or nothing(SF).No significant differences occurred in total decomposition rates of straws among different treatments in two consecutive years,but significant differences were found in straw decomposition rates in the first year.Straw decomposition rate increased by 70.59%,262.5%,and 93.33%in SFD2 compared with SF,SFD1,and SFD3,respectively.Among all treatments,SFD2 had the highest rice yield in two consecutive years(8592.84 kg/hm^(2) and 7538.70 kg/hm^(2),respectively,P<0.05).Rice yield and straw decomposition rate had the highest correlation(Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.45 in the first year and 0.48 in the second year).All treatments had significant effects on soil microbial biomass,but no clear pattern was found among different treatments.In addition,soil microbial biomass C/N ratio was the main attribute to determine the decomposition rate of straws.In conclusion,our study suggests that the application of different SDMIs can promote straw decomposition and increase rice yield,and SDMI No.2 is most promising due to its highest efficacy in stimulating soil microbial communities,accelerating straw degradation and promoting rice growth.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 腐秆剂 秸秆腐解 水稻生产 土壤微生物生物量 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学] S147.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]