云南省文山州烟田土壤主要肥力指标多年度动态变化  

Multi-year Changes of Main Soil Fertility Indexes of Tobacco-planting Fields in Wenshan Prefecture of Yunnan Province

作　　者：胡加云 朱艳梅[1] 徐天养[1] 殷红慧[1] 张传树[1] 李纯 冯再兴[1] 李鹏飞[1] HU Jiayun;ZHU Yanmei;XU Tianyang;YIN Honghui;ZHANG Chuanshu;LI Chun;FENG Zaixing;LI Pengfei(Wenshan Company of Yunnan Provincial Tobacco Company,Wenshan,Yunnan 663000,China;Plant Protection and Inspection Station of Wenshan Agricultural and Rural Bureau,Wenshan,Yunnan 663000,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省烟草公司文山州公司,云南文山663000 [2]文山州农业农村局植保植检站,云南文山663000

出　　处：《土壤》2022年第1期95-102,共8页Soils

基　　金：中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技计划项目(2020530000241030,2020530000242021)资助。

摘　　要：2005—2020年期间采集了云南省文山州5176个烟田土壤样品,测定分析了其pH及有机质(SOM)、碱解氮(AN)、有效磷(AP)和速效钾(AK)含量,以及各级别分配比例及其年度变化情况。结果表明:2005—2020年期间,研究区土壤pH及SOM、AN、AP含量平均分别为6.40、25.65 g/kg、102.25 mg/kg、18.84 mg/kg,均为植烟适宜水平;但AK含量平均为164.33 mg/kg,为偏高水平。AK含量随年份呈现显著的升高趋势(y=96.13e^(0.0615x),R^(2)=0.8476^(**),P<0.01),但其他指标的变化趋势较为复杂。pH、SOM和AN含量以适宜级别的烟田土壤比例最高,平均分别为50.02%、65.17%和54.15%;AP和AK含量适宜级别与偏高级别的烟田土壤比例相当,AP分别为46.98%和40.49%,AK分别为46.03%和45.50%。pH和AK含量适宜级别的烟田土壤比例随年份呈现显著降低趋势(pH:y=10^(27)e^(–0.029x),R^(2)=0.6093^(**),P<0.01;AK:y=0.0519x^(2)–211.66x+215872,R^(2)=0.8862^(**),P<0.01),SOM、AN和AP含量适宜级别的烟田土壤比例总体上随年份呈现升高的趋势,但未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。2020年文山州尚有25.84%和33.50%的烟田土壤pH偏低和偏高,7.76%和7.87%、34.42%和42.9%的烟田土壤AN和AP含量偏低、偏高,绝大部分烟田(73.34%)AK含量偏高,针对上述问题,需要采取不同的措施以提升烟田烤烟种植的适宜性。In this study,the topsoil samples of 5176 in total tobacco-planting fields in Wenshan Prefecture of Yunnan Province were collected annually from 2005 to 2020,and soil pH values,the contents of organic matter(SOM),alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen(AN),available phosphorus(AP)and rapidly available potassium(AK)were determined,and then their contents,grade proportions and annual changes were analyzed.The results showed that the average pH,SOM,AN and AP were 6.40,25.65 g/kg,102.25 mg/kg and 18.84 mg/kg,respectively,which were all belonged to the suitable grades for tobacco-planting,while the average AK was 164.33 mg/kg,which was belonged to the high grade for tobacco-planting.AK was increased significantly with year(y=96.13e^(0.0615x),R^(2)=0.8476,P<0.01),however,pH,SOM,AN and AP changed irregularly or complex.The sample proportions were the highest in suitable grades for pH,SOM and AN,which meanly were 50.02%,65.17%and 54.15%,respectively.The sample proportions were roughly similar between the suitable grades and high grades for AP and AK,which were 46.98%and 40.49%for AP,and 46.03%and 45.50%for AK,respectively.The sample proportions of the suitable grades of pH and AK were decreased significantly with year(pH:y=10^(27)e^(–0.029x),R^(2)=0.609 3^(**),P<0.01;AK:y=0.0519x^(2)–211.66x+215872,R^(2)=0.886 2^(**),P<0.01),the sample proportions of the suitable grades of SOM,AN and AP were insignificantly increased with the year(P>0.05).For tobacco planting,there were 25.84%and 33.50%of tobacco-planting fields in 2020 in Wenshan Prefecture were low or high in soil pH,7.76%and 7.87%,34.42%and 42.9%of tobacco-planting fields were low or high in AN and AK,while most of the tobacco-planting fields(73.34%)were high in AK.In view of the above problems,different measures should be taken in order to improve the soil suitability of tobacco-planting.

关 键 词：烟田 土壤肥力指标 年度变化 文山州 

分 类 号：S158.2[农业科学—土壤学]