黄棕壤和酸紫砂土施用不同磷肥对油菜产量的影响  

Effects of different phosphate fertilizer on Brassica napus cultivars grown with yellow-brown earth and acid purplish sandy soil

作　　者：王雅洁 张兵兵 袁盼 周家武 丁广大 汪社亮 蔡红梅 王创 徐芳森[1,2] 石磊 WANG Ya-jie;ZHANG Bing-bing;YUAN Pan;ZHOU Jia-wu;DING Guang-da;WANG She-liang;CAI Hong-mei;WANG Chuang;XU Fang-sen;SHI Lei(National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Key Lab of Arable Land Conservation(Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Microelement Research Centre,Wuhan 430070,China;Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Dangyang,Dangyang 444105,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学作物遗传改良国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430070 [2]农业农村部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室/微量元素研究中心,湖北武汉430070 [3]湖北省当阳市农业农村局,湖北当阳444105

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2022年第1期147-157,共11页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项项目(2017YFD0200200);武汉市科技计划项目(应用基础前沿专项)(2018020401011302);国家自然科学基金项目(31972498);中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金(2662019PY013)。

摘　　要：为实现油菜磷肥减施增效和保障生态环境,利用土壤有效磷含量较低的黄棕壤和酸紫砂土开展试验,建立土壤-磷肥-作物体系相匹配的磷肥施肥方案。以甘蓝型油菜中双11号和圣光168为材料,采用盆栽试验研究黄棕壤和酸紫砂土上施用过磷酸钙(SSP)、磷酸二铵(DAP)、聚磷酸铵(APP)和钙镁磷肥(CMP)对油菜苗期生长及成熟期产量、产量相关性状、磷素积累量和磷素生理利用效率的影响。结果表明,施用磷肥可显著促进油菜生长,增加油菜单株一级分枝数和单株角果数,进而提高油菜产量。不施磷肥处理,酸紫砂土油菜的生长情况显著优于黄棕壤;同一磷肥处理黄棕壤与酸紫砂土相比,黄棕壤油菜生长效果更好,且黄棕壤圣光168成熟期籽粒产量显著高于中双11号。两个油菜品种,黄棕壤施用磷酸二铵、酸紫砂土施用钙镁磷肥油菜的增产效果均最好。与中双11号比较,相同土壤相同磷肥圣光168具有较强的磷吸收利用能力。在生产中,黄棕壤种植中双11号推荐施用磷酸二铵,种植圣光168推荐施用磷酸二铵或过磷酸钙;酸紫砂土上种植两个油菜品种均推荐施用钙镁磷肥。To improve phosphorus (P) uptake efficiency and high yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus)on 2 soil types (yellow-brown earth and acid purplish sandy soil) with low soil P availability, P fertilizer application scheme were studied based on characteristics of soil, fertilizer and rapeseed varieties. Cultivars Zhongshuang 11(ZS11) and Shengguang 168(SG168)were investigated on effects of single superphosphate(SSP), diammonium phosphate (DAP), ammonium polyphosphate(APP)and calcium-magnesium phosphate (CMP) on seedling growth,yield, yield-related traits, P uptake and physiological P use efficiency by pot experiments. Results showed that application of P fertilizer significantly promoted plant growth, increased the number of primary branches and siliques per plant, and finally increased seed yield as compared with control of without P. The plant growth of both cultivars on acid purplish sandy soil were significantly better than those on yellow-brown earth in the control. Under the same fertilizer treatment, plant growth of both cultivars on yellow-brown earth were better than those on acid purplish sandy soil, and seed yield of SG168 was significantly higher than that of ZS11 on yellow-brown earth. The seed yield of both cultivars grown on yellow-brown earth treated with DAP and grown on acid purplish sandy soil treated with CMP were the highest among all the treatments with the same soil. In addition, P uptake efficiency of SG168 was higher than that of ZS11 treated with the same fertilizer in the same soil. DAP and DAP or SSP were recommended to apply to cultivar ZS11 and cultivar SG168 grown on yellow-brown earth, respectively. CMP was recommended to apply to both cultivars on acid purplish sandy soil.

关 键 词：甘蓝型油菜 磷肥 生物量 籽粒产量 磷吸收效率 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]