柏子仁采收、加工过程中黄曲霉毒素及其真菌群落分布  

Aflatoxins and fungal community distribution during harvesting and processing of Platycladi Semen

作　　者：刘震营 王浩南 张照宇[1] 玄静[1] 李敏[1] 李哲 张永清[1] LIU Zhen-ying;WANG Hao-nan;ZHANG Zhao-yu;XUAN Jing;LI Min;LI Zhe;ZHANG Yong-qing(Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Ji'nan 250355,China)

机构地区：[1]山东中医药大学,山东济南250355

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2022年第2期385-391,共7页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家中医药管理局全国中药资源普查项目(GZY-KJS-2018-004);山东省高校中药质量控制与全产业链建设协同创新中心项目(CYLXTCX2020);山东省重点研发计划课题(2016CYJS08A01);山东省现代农业产业技术体系中草药产业创新团队项目(SDAIT-20-01)。

摘　　要：为分析柏子仁采收、加工过程中黄曲霉毒素含量及真菌群落分布,寻找影响柏子仁黄曲霉毒素污染问题的关键环节。该研究收集不同成熟时期(球果未破裂时期、破裂初期、完全破裂时期)、不同加工时期(晾晒前、晾晒2 d、晾晒7 d、脱种鳞前后、去皮前后、色选后1 d、色选后7 d)的相关样品,采用ITS扩增子测序方法鉴定样本表面真菌群落多样性组成;采用HPLC-MS/MS测定黄曲霉毒素B_(1)、B_(2)、G_(1)、G_(2)含量。结果表明,柏子仁采收阶段,从球果未破裂至完全破裂,仅种鳞、种皮2个部位检出黄曲霉毒素且种鳞只包含黄曲霉毒素G_(2),种皮只检测出黄曲霉毒素B_(1)。晾晒阶段,随着晾晒时间延长,种鳞开始同时检出黄曲霉毒素B_(1)、G_(2),种皮检出黄曲霉毒素B1,种仁开始检出低含量的黄曲霉毒素B_(1)。后续加工过程种仁黄曲霉毒素含量上升幅度较小。真菌检测方面,采收期种仁没有检测到黄曲霉菌,晾晒期、加工期均鉴定出黄曲霉菌,其中晾晒期种皮部位含量较高。总之,柏子仁应在完全成熟后尽快采收,晾晒环节是污染黄曲霉毒素的关键环节。建议建设阳光房或类似设置,其他过程应规范操作,保持周边环境卫生,可以最大限度减少黄曲霉毒素污染。This study aimed to analyze aflatoxins content and fungal community distribution in the harvesting and processing of Platycladi Semen,and explore the key link that affects aflatoxins contamination.The related Platycladi Semen samples of different maturity periods(cone non-rupture period,early rupture,and complete rupture period)and different processing periods(before drying,during 2-d drying,during 7-d drying,before and after seed scale removal,before and after peeling,1 d after color sorting,and 7 d after color sorting)were collected for identifying the fungal community composition on sample surface by ITS amplicon sequencing.Then the content of aflatoxins B_(1),B_(2),G_(1) and G_(2) was determined by HPLC-MS/MS.The results showed that during the harvesting of Platycladi Semen from cone non-rupture to complete rupture,aflatoxins were only detected in the seed scale and seed coat,with aflatoxin G_(2) in the seed scale and aflatoxin B1 in the seed coat.During the drying,with the prolongation of drying time,aflatoxins B1 and G_(2) were detected simultaneously in the seed scale,aflatoxin B1 in the seed coat,and low-content aflatoxin B1 in the seed kernel.During subsequent processing,the aflatoxin content in seed kernel during subsequent processing was slighted increased.As demonstrated by fungal detection,Aspergillus flavus was not present during the harvesting of Platycladi Semen,but present during the drying and processing.Its content in the seed coat during the drying process was relatively higher.In short,Platycladi Semen should be harvested as soon as possible after it becomes fully mature.Drying process is the key link of preventing aflatoxin contamination.It is advised to build a sunlight room or adopt similar settings,standardize the operations in other processes,and keep the surrounding environment clean to minimize aflatoxin contamination.

关 键 词：柏子仁 采收 加工 黄曲霉毒素 真菌群落 

分 类 号：R282.4[医药卫生—中药学]