“敦煌舞”研究的文化构想与实践取向(上)  

The Cultural Conception and Practice Orientation of the Research on “Dunhuang Dance”(Part One)

作　　者：于平[1,2] Yu Ping(Nanjing University of the Arts,Beijing,100083)

机构地区：[1]南京艺术学院舞蹈学院,北京100083 [2]南京艺术学院博士后流动站,北京100083

出　　处：《民族艺术研究》2022年第1期148-160,共13页Ethnic Art Studies

摘　　要："敦煌舞"的概念,起始于20世纪70年代末大型民族舞剧《丝路花雨》的成功。《丝路花雨》剧中以敦煌壁画(主要是唐代"经变图")为参照创编的舞蹈,特别是剧中女主角英娘的主要舞段"反弹琵琶伎乐天",成为"敦煌舞"的典型舞态;这一舞态所体现的"S"形曲线运动规律,被视为"敦煌舞"的典型特征。此后不久,高金荣先生完成了《敦煌舞蹈的基本训练》教学体系建设,她也明确将"敦煌舞"定义为"敦煌壁画式舞蹈",认为它是"中原、西域乐舞相融合的结晶,属古典舞范畴,可成为一个富有西部特色的古典舞流派"。由此,围绕着"敦煌舞"的研究,必然有对"敦煌壁画舞蹈"的研究,特别是对天宫伎乐、飞天、伎乐天等乐舞形象的研究。与之相关联,"敦煌舞"作为"唐代舞蹈"的重要组成部分,研究者必然将目光搜寻其来龙去脉,前溯古天竺今印度的舞蹈,中探西域古龟兹的舞蹈,下追日本赓续的"唐舞图"的舞蹈等。与此同时,研究者重新焕发出"敦煌舞谱"研究的热情,对20世纪40年代已初步探索的"敦煌舞"研究领域有了进一步的追寻。诚然,"敦煌舞"研究是"敦煌学"研究的一部分,但其作为研究对象的独有特性和有机关联更是这一领域研究不断拓展、不断持续的内驱力所在。The concept of “Dunhuang dance” began with the success of the large-scale national dance drama Flower Rain on the Silk Road in the late 1970s. In the Flower Rain on the Silk Road, the main dance part, played by heroine Ying Niang is “dancer playing the reverse Pipa”, which is created with reference to the Dunhuang frescoes(mainly the “sutra illustration painting” of the Tang Dynasty), is a typical dance state of “Dunhuang dance”. The “S” type curve movement, as reflected in this dance state, is regarded as a typical feature of “Dunhuang dance”. Shortly thereafter, Gao Jinrong completed the construction of the teaching system of Basic Training of Dunhuang Dance. She also clearly defined “Dunhuang dance” as “Dunhuang fresco-style dance”, believing that it is “the fusion of music and dance in the Central Plains and the Western Regions, which belongs to the category of classical dance, as well as a classical dance genre with rich western characteristics”. Therefore, around the study of “Dunhuang dance”, there is research of “Dunhuang mural dance”, especially the images of musical performances in the heavenly palace, flying apsaras, celestial musician and dancers. Related to it, “Dunhuang dance”, as an important part of the “Tang Dynasty dance”, will attract attention of researcher for its context, looking back to the ancient Tianzhu(India) dance, exploring the dance of the ancient Qiuci in the Western Regions and tracing back to Japan’s ceaseless “Tang dance map” dance. At the same time, the researchers renewed their enthusiasm for studying the “Dunhuang dance music” and further pursued the research field of “Dunhuang dance”, which has been preliminarily explored in the 1940s. Admittedly, the research of “Dunhuang dance” is a part of the research of “Dunhuang studies”, but its unique characteristics and organic connection as a research target are continuous expansion and driving force for the research.

关 键 词：敦煌舞 敦煌壁画舞蹈 飞天 《丝路花雨》 敦煌舞蹈的基本训练 敦煌舞谱 

分 类 号：J709.9[艺术—舞蹈]