环氧树脂绝缘电树枝劣化研究进展  

Research Progress on Electrical Tree in Epoxy Resin Insulation

作　　者：杜伯学 张莹 孔晓晓 李进 Du Boxue;Zhang Ying;Kong Xiaoxiao;Li Jin(Key Lab of Smart Grid of Ministry of Education School of Electrical and Information Engineering Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072 China)

机构地区：[1]智能电网教育部重点实验室,天津大学电气自动化与信息工程学院,天津300072

出　　处：《电工技术学报》2022年第5期1128-1135,1157,共9页Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51807136和U1966203);天津市自然科学基金(18JCQNJC07300)资助项目。

摘　　要：环氧树脂因具有优良的耐热性、机械强度、电气绝缘性能和良好的可加工性而广泛应用于电工装备绝缘的浇注、浸渍和封装等领域。该文根据国内外参考文献综合论述了由环氧树脂绝缘电树枝劣化引起的绝缘击穿现象。基于环氧树脂空间电荷集聚与迁移、局域电场形成、紫外辐射和机械应力断链理论,阐述了环氧树脂电树枝引发机理和劣化过程。结合电气设备运行工况,介绍了叠加电场、温度梯度场、机械应力场和潮湿环境等因素对环氧树脂电树枝劣化的影响规律,总结了多物理场作用下电树枝生长形貌特征与电荷输运行为的关联关系。从提高环氧树脂绝缘性能保障电气设备安全可靠运行角度,基于环氧绝缘工艺调控、无机掺杂、自修复材料等方面介绍了电树枝的抑制方法,基于分子构型、微观结构、宏观现象总结了电树枝的抑制机理。根据环氧树脂电树枝生长和抑制方法的研究现状,在电树枝实验探究、抑制方法等方面提出了相关建议。Due to its excellent heat resistance, mechanical, electrical insulating and processing properties, the epoxy resin is widely used in the fields of injection, impregnation and packaging insulation for electrical equipment. According to the domestic and foreign references, the insulation breakdown caused by electrical tree in epoxy resin insulation is discussed. The initiation mechanism is elaborated, including space charge accumulation and migration, local electric field formation, ultraviolet radiation, and electro-mechanical stress chain breaking theory, so as to understand the electrical tree initiation process. Combined with the application conditions of electrical equipment, the influence of superimposed electric field, temperature gradient field, mechanical stress field and humid environment on the electrical tree deterioration is introduced, and the relationship of electrical tree growth morphology and charge transport behavior under the multiple physical fields is summarized. From the perspective of improving the epoxy resin insulation performance, the methods for inhibiting the electrical tree are introduced from the aspects of insulation process control, inorganic doping, and self-healing materials. Based on the molecular configuration, micro-structure, and macroscopic phenomena, the inhibition mechanism is summarized. According to the research progress, relevant suggestions on electrical tree experimental exploration and suppression methods are put forward.

关 键 词：环氧树脂 电树枝劣化 叠加电场 温度梯度 机械应力 绝缘击穿 抑制方法 

分 类 号：TM852[电气工程—高电压与绝缘技术]