低污染汽车聚氨酯泡沫设计与吸声性能研究  

Study on the Design and Sound Absorption Performance of Low-pollution Automotive Polyurethane Foam

作　　者：熊康 杨啟梁[1] 胡溧[1] XIONG Kang;YANG Qiliang;HU Li(College of Automotive and Transportation Engineering,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430065,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉科技大学汽车与交通工程学院,武汉430065

出　　处：《材料导报》2022年第5期207-211,共5页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51105283)。

摘　　要：聚氨酯泡沫是汽车中常用的一种吸声材料,因为常规聚氨酯泡沫配方内含有机溶剂,影响车内空气质量,所以需要开发低污染聚氨酯泡沫吸声材料。本工作通过采用不含有机溶剂的低污染聚氨酯新型配方,并对配方进行四因素三水平正交试验优化设计,由一步法合成聚氨酯泡沫,再使用LMS Test.Lab及阻抗管设备来测试分析材料的吸声性能。设计的低污染聚氨酯泡沫不仅可以降低汽车内部挥发性有机化合物(Volatile organic compounds)的含量,而且其吸声性能较好,平均吸声系数为0.581,峰值吸声系数高达0.962。同时,利用圆管理论模型研究了低污染聚氨酯泡沫结构参数对吸声性能的影响,当孔隙率在0.7、材料厚度在65 mm以下时,分别增大聚氨酯泡沫的孔隙率及材料厚度两个参数,材料的吸声性能得到提高,而流阻率则对材料吸声性能的影响相对较小。Polyurethane foam is one of the most commonly used sound absorbing materials in automobiles.In the existing research,organic solvents are included in the formula of polyurethane foam,which has certain pollution property.Therefore,this work mainly designs low-pollution polyurethane foam materials and studies its sound absorbing performance.The new formulation of low-pollution polyurethane with no organic solvent was adopted,and the formulation was optimized by four factors and three levels orthogonal experiment.The polyurethane foam was synthesized by one-step method,and then LMS Test.Lab and impedance tube equipment were used to test and analyze the sound absorption properties of the materials.The low-pollution polyurethane foam can not only reduce the content of volatile organic compounds in automobile interior,but also show good sound absorption performance.Its average sound absorption coefficient is 0.581,and the peak absorption coefficient is 0.962.The influe-nce of structural parameters of low-pollution polyurethane foam on the sound absorption performance was studied by using the circular pipe theoretical model.When the porosity is 0.7 and the material thickness is less than 65 mm,the sound absorption property of the polyurethane foam increases with the increase of the porosity and the thickness of the material;however,the change of flow resistance has little effect on the sound absorption of the material.

关 键 词：聚氨酯泡沫 低污染 正交试验 吸声系数 圆管理论模型 

分 类 号：TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]