基于数据融合的近钻头井眼轨迹参数动态测量方法  

Dynamic Measurement Method of Near-Bit Borehole Trajectory Parameters Based on Data Fusion

作　　者：宋晓健 郑邦贤 谭勇志 黄秉亚 马鸿彦 董晨曦 SONG Xiaojian;ZHENG Bangxian;TAN Yongzhi;HUANG Bingya;MA Hongyan;DONG Chenxi(Directional Well Technology Service Branch,CNPC Bohai Drilling Engineering Company Limited,Tianjin,300280,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油集团渤海钻探工程有限公司定向井技术服务分公司,天津300280

出　　处：《石油钻探技术》2022年第1期38-44,共7页Petroleum Drilling Techniques

摘　　要：采用三轴加速度计、磁通门和速率陀螺测量系统随钻测量井眼轨迹参数时,由于旋转、振动和磁干扰等因素的影响,造成测量结果存在较大偏差,无法满足随钻地质导向的要求。为此,针对三轴加速度计、磁通门和速率陀螺随钻测量系统,建立了基于四元数井眼轨迹参数测量模型,并依据状态方程和量测方程,应用3个捷联式卡尔曼滤波器和磁干扰校正系统对加速度计、磁通门信号进行滤波、校正,形成了基于数据融合的近钻头井眼轨迹参数动态测量方法。实验室模拟试验和现场实钻表明,采用该测量方法测得的井眼轨迹参数精度大幅提高。研究表明,采用基于数据融合的近钻头井眼轨迹参数动态测量方法可以消除旋转、振动和磁干扰对三轴加速度计、磁通门和速率陀螺随钻测量系统随钻测量结果的影响,提高该测量系统随钻测量的精度,满足随钻地质导向的要求。When borehole trajectory parameters are measured while drilling by a measurement system of triaxial accelerometers, fluxgates, and rate gyros, the results show huge deviations due to the influence of factors such as rotation, vibration, and magnetic interference, etc. As a result, the requirements of geosteering while drilling cannot be met. Considering this, a quaternion-based measurement model of borehole trajectory parameters was built for the above measurement system. In addition, according to state equations and measurement equations, three strap-down Kalman filters and a correction system for magnetic interference were applied to filter and correct accelerometer and fluxgate signals. In this way, a dynamic measurement method of near-bit borehole trajectory parameters based on data fusion was developed. The simulations in the laboratory and on-site drilling showed that the measurement precision of borehole trajectory parameters was significantly improved by using the proposed method. The research indicates that the proposed method can eliminate the influence of rotation, vibration, and magnetic interference on the results of the measurement system of triaxial accelerometers, fluxgates, and rate gyros while drilling to upgrade the measurement precision for geosteering, thus meeting the requirements of geosteering while drilling.

关 键 词：近钻头 井眼轨迹 动态测量 数学模型 捷联式卡尔曼滤波 

分 类 号：TE271[石油与天然气工程—油气井工程]