台风“利奇马”暴雨引发的流域产流产沙特征——以山东省临朐县为例  

Characteristics of Runoff and Sediment Yield of Typhoon‘Lekima’Rainstorm-A Case in Linqu County,Shandong Province

作　　者：乔殿新[1] 冯伟[2] 王飞[3,4] 李斌斌[1] 韩剑桥[3,4] 李琦 王国振[4] QIAO Dianxin;FENG Wei;WANG Fei;LI Binbin;HAN Jianqiao;LI Qi;WANG Guozhen(Monitoring Center of Soil and Water Conservation,Ministry of Water Resources,Beijing 100053,China;Department of Soil and Water Conservation,Ministry of Water Resources,Beijing 100053,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,CAS&MWR,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]水利部水土保持监测中心,北京100053 [2]水利部水土保持司,北京100053 [3]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [4]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2022年第2期31-35,42,共6页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学资金面上项目(42077071);国家自然基金水科学联合基金(U2040208)。

摘　　要：为了明确极端暴雨下不同尺度流域的产流产沙特征,为应对极端暴雨事件提供技术支撑。基于2019年9号台风“利奇马”导致的暴雨洪水事件,采用暴雨中心的辛庄控制站和弥河干流黄山水文站的水文数据,分析了本次暴雨中两个不同尺度流域的径流、泥沙总量及过程特征。结果表明:2019年8月10—17日,辛庄观测站次洪水径流总量为123万m^(3),实测洪峰为40.96 m^(3)/s,洪水泥沙总量为4600 t,产沙模数为1285 t/km^(2)。黄山水文站实测洪峰流量为2210 m^(3)/s,是自1988年建站以来的最大流量,重现期为33.3年一遇。黄山水文站输沙量为36.23万t,输沙模数为966 t/km^(2)。本次暴雨洪水的输沙量是多年平均输沙量(19.50万t)的1.65倍,与2018年夏季汛期洪水泥沙过程的水沙关系曲线相关性较好。综上,基于水沙关系的黄山水文站流域场次洪水输沙量预测方法是准确的,说明在极端暴雨事件中采用历史洪水泥沙关系预测输沙量是可行的。Based on the rainstorm flood event caused by the 9th typhoon‘Lekima’(2019),we analyzed the characteristics of runoff and sediment yield of two watersheds of different scales in this rainstorm by using hydrological data from Xinzhuang Control Station and Huangshan Hydrological Station in the mainstream of Mihe River in the rainstorm center with the purpose of clarifying the characteristics of runoff and sediment yields in different scale basins under extreme rainstorm and providing technical support for coping with extreme rainstorm events.The result showed that from August 10th to August 17th,2019,the total flood runoff of Xinzhuang Observation Station was 1.23 million m^(3),and the measured flood peak was 40.96 m^(3)/s;the total amount of flooded sediment was 4600 t,and the specific sediment yield was 1285 t/km^(2);the measured peak flow at Huangshan Hydrological Station was 2210 m^(3)/s,which was the maximum flow since the establishment in 1988,and the return period was 33.3 years;the sediment runoff of Huangshan Hydrological Station was 362300 t,and the sediment transport modulus was 966 t/km^(2);the sediment runoff caused by this storm and flood was 1.65 times that of the average annual sediment runoff(195000 t);the correlation between the storm flood and the water-sand relationship curve of the flooding process in the flood season in the summer of 2018 was good.In conclusion,the prediction based on the relationship between water and sediment is accurate,indicating that it is feasible to use the relationship between historical flood and sediment to predict the sediment transport during extreme rainstorm.

关 键 词：“利奇马”台风 暴雨 产流产沙 水土流失 输沙量预测 

分 类 号：P333[天文地球—水文科学]