中国草地覆盖度时空动态格局及其影响因素  

Temporal and Spatial Dynamic Pattern of Grassland Coverage and Its Influencing Factors in China

作　　者：刘洋洋[1] 任涵玉 章钊颖 张伟[1] 张志新[1] 巴桑·参木决 王亦波 温仲明[1] LIU Yangyang;REN Hanyu;ZHANG Zhaoying;ZHANG Wei;ZHANG Zhixin;BASANG·Canmujue;WANG Yibo;WEN Zhongming(College of Grassland Agriculture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学草业与草原学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]南京大学国际地球系统科学研究所,南京210023

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2022年第2期221-230,242,共11页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42107512);西北农林科技大学博士科研启动金(2452020186);陕西省林业科学院科技创新计划专项(SXLK2020-0204);中国博士后科学基金(2020M683594)。

摘　　要：为了探究近几十年来中国草地覆盖度的动态变化,基于多源遥感数据,采用像元二分模型模拟分析了1982—2016年中国草地覆盖度的时空动态格局,并从植被类型、地形要素、气候区及气候变化等角度分析了其主要影响因素。结果表明:35 a间中国草地覆盖度平均值为36.21%,呈极显著增加趋势(0.12%/a)。高山亚高山草甸、坡面草地及湿润地区、半干旱地区草地覆盖度的增加对于中国草地恢复具有重要贡献。草地覆盖度随海拔的升高呈降低趋势,DEM<500 m及3500 m<DEM两个梯度上的草地覆盖度增长率较高。年际变化上,东南坡、西北坡和西南坡草地覆盖度增加率较高。空间上,草地覆盖度与气温呈现显著正相关的区域集中在新疆中部、西藏西部及青海省南部,而与降水呈显著正相关的区域集中在新疆中部和北部、西藏南部及内蒙古中东部地带。高山亚高山草甸、坡面草地及高山亚高山草地植被覆盖度的增加主要受气温控制,而平原草地、荒漠草地和草甸覆盖度的增加主要依赖于降水。干旱区草地覆盖度的限制因子为降水,而湿润地区草地覆盖度受气温控制。中国低海拔地区草地覆盖度对气温、降水依赖性均较强,这种依赖性随海拔升高减弱,中海拔地区草地生长主要依赖气温。In order to explore the dynamic changes of grassland coverage in China in recent decades,based on multi-source remote sensing data,we used the pixel dichotomy model to quantitatively calculate the grassland coverage in China from 1982 to 2016,analyzed the temporal and spatial dynamic pattern of grassland coverage in China,and analyzed the influencing factors of grassland coverage from the perspectives of vegetation types,terrain elements,climate regions and climate change.The results showed that the average grassland coverage in China was 36.21%in the past 35 years,showing an extremely significant increase trend(0.12%/a).The increase of grassland coverage in alpine subalpine meadow,slope grassland,humid and semi-arid areas had an important contribution to grassland restoration in China.The increase rate of grassland coverage on DEM<500 m and 3500 m<DEM was higher than that on southeast slope,northwest slope and southwest slope.The areas with significant positive correlation between grassland coverage and temperature concentrated in central Xinjiang,western Tibet and southern Qinghai Province,while the areas with significant positive correlation with precipitation concentrated in the central and northern Xinjiang,southern Tibet and central and eastern Inner Mongolia.The increase of vegetation coverage of alpine subalpine meadow,slope grassland and alpine subalpine grassland was mainly controlled by temperature,while that of plain grassland,desert grassland and meadow mainly depended on precipitation.The limiting factor of grassland growth in arid area was precipitation,while grassland coverage in humid area was controlled by temperature.Grassland coverage in low altitude areas of China was strongly dependent on temperature and precipitation,and this dependence decreased with the increase of altitude.The growth of grassland in middle altitude areas mainly depended on temperature.

关 键 词：草地覆盖度 不同气候区 气候变化 海拔梯度 坡向梯度 

分 类 号：Q948.112[生物学—植物学]