交错苗带式大豆免耕精量播种机设计与试验  

Design and experiment of no-tillage precision planters with staggered seedling belts for soybean

作　　者：陈为鹏 胡培杰 张宝昌 邱田元 杨善东[1] Chen Weipeng;Hu Peijie;Zhang Baochang;Qiu Tianyuan;Yang Shandong(School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo,255000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院,山东淄博255000

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2022年第2期1-7,共7页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：十三五国家重点研发计划子课题(2017YFD0700703-03)。

摘　　要：针对黄淮海地区的大豆带状种植要求,提出一种新的种植模式,并设计一种交错苗带式大豆免耕精量播种机。对苗带清理整备装置的旋刀的排布进行设计,通过运动学分析,确定旋刀转速应大于等于379 r/min;设计一种窝眼交错分布的排种器,实现交错苗带播种;设计一种伸缩顶杆投种装置,提高投种效率;设计一种播种开沟器,起到开沟和导种的作用,同时保证苗带的宽度;设计一种笼型覆土镇压轮,通过力学分析确定推土板与水平方向的夹角为20°。田间试验结果表明:当前进速度为8 km/h时,交错苗带式大豆免耕精量播种机可靠性合格,通过性良好,播深合格率为92.6%,粒距合格率为94.4%,漏播率为1.8%,重播率为3.8%,晾籽率为0.74%,作业效率为1.92 hm^(2)/h。According to the requirements of soybean stripping planting in Huanghuaihai plain,a new planting mode was proposed,and a no-tillage staggered seedling belt soybean precision planter was designed.The arrangement of the rotary cutter of the plant-belt cleaning and preparation device was designed.Through kinematic analysis,the rotational speed of the rotary cutter was determined to be greater than or equal to 379 r/min.A seed arrangement device with staggered nesting and eye distribution was designed to realize staggered seeding.A telescopic push rod throwing device was designed to improve the throwing efficiency.A sowing furrow opener was designed to open furrow and guide seed and ensure the width of the seedling zone.A kind of cage-type earth covering roller was designed.The angle between the earth pushing plate and the horizontal direction was determined to be 20°through mechanical analysis.The field test results showed that when the forward speed was 8 km/h,the reliability and trafficability of the no-tillage staggered seedling belt soybean precision planter were qualified.The qualified rate of sowing depth was 92.6%,the qualified rate of grain spacing was 94.4%,the missed sowing rate was 1.8%,the over sowing rate was 3.8%,the seed drying rate was 0.74%,and the operation efficiency was 1.92 hm^(2)/h.

关 键 词：大豆 交错苗带 苗带清理整备 精密播种 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]