进口铝物料固体废物鉴别方法探讨  

Study on identification method of imported aluminum solid waste

作　　者：赵彤 彭杰 冯均利 郝雅琼[1] ZHAO Tong;PENG Jie;FENG Junli;HAO Yaqiong(State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;The Testing and Technology Center for Industrial Products,Shenzhen Customs,Shenzhen 518067,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,国家环境保护危险废物鉴别与风险控制重点实验室,北京100012 [2]深圳海关工业品检测技术中心,广东深圳518067

出　　处：《冶金分析》2022年第1期31-35,共5页Metallurgical Analysis

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“固废资源化”重点专项(2018YFC1902802-4);海关总署科研项目(2020HK256)。

摘　　要：鉴别进口铝物料的固体废物属性时,应首先利用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)确定物料的主要成分及其含量,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线能谱和扫描电子显微镜联用(EDS+SEM)、矿相显微镜(PM)分析物料的主要物相组成以及铝的存在形态。其次,文献资料调研显示,鉴别铝物料的主要成分及其质量分数、物相组成、铝的物相组成等试验数据与铝灰匹配度较高,从而判断鉴别物料为铝灰;根据产生工艺分析得知,铝灰属于铝生产过程中产生的副产物。再次,由于铝灰属于GB 34330—2017《固体废物鉴别标准通则》中条款4.2 b) 2)中的固体废物,因此,鉴别物料属于固体废物,得出了最终的鉴别结论。最后,铝灰属于《国家危险废物名录》中的危险废物,由此可判断鉴别物料属于危险废物。In order to identify the solid waste properties of imported aluminum materials, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry(XRF) was used to confirm the main components and mass fraction of the material. X-ray diffractometer, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, scanning electron microscope and mineralogical microscope were used to analyze the main phase composition of the material and the existing forms of aluminum in the material.The results of literature research showed that the test data of the main components and their mass fraction, phase composition and phase composition of aluminum for identification of aluminum materials had a high matching degree with aluminum ash. It was known that the identified material was aluminum ash. According to the analysis of the production process, aluminum ash was a by-product of aluminum production. Thirdly, because the aluminum ash belongs to solid waste in item 4.2 b) 2) in GB 34330-2017 the identification standards for solid wastes General rules, the identification material belongs to solid waste. The final identification conclusion was obtained. Finally, aluminum ash was belonged to hazardous waste in the national hazardous waste list. The conclusion that the identification of material belonged to hazardous waste could be obtained.

关 键 词：铝灰 固体废物鉴别 危险废物 X射线分析 显微镜分析 

分 类 号：O657[理学—分析化学] TF821[理学—化学]