基于单作物系数法的华北平原典型农业生态系统蒸散规律研究  

Evapotranspiration of typical agroecosystems in the North China Plain based on single crop coefficient method

作　　者：杨天一 王军[3] 张红梅 李镕基 张玉翠[1] 沈彦俊[1,2] YANG Tianyi;WANG Jun;ZHANG Hongmei;LI Rongji;ZHANG Yucui;SHEN Yanjun(Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences/Hebei Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture/Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050022,China;College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Huihua College,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 050091,China;Hebei General Water Supply Station,Cangzhou 062152,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院农业水资源重点实验室/河北省节水农业重点实验室/中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心,石家庄050022 [2]中国科学院大学现代农业科学学院,北京100049 [3]河北师范大学汇华学院,石家庄050091 [4]河北省供水总站,沧州062152

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2022年第3期356-366,共11页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41930865,31870422,41877169);中国科学院国际合作局国际伙伴计划项目(153E13KYSB20170010);河北省自然科学基金项目(D2019503028);河北省自然科学基金创新研究群体项目(D2021503001)资助。

摘　　要：作物系数法可以简单、准确地反映作物不同生育期内实际蒸散量变化规律及特点,但针对华北平原地区不同类型农业生态系统,尤其是梨园种植区生育期内作物系数的变化及蒸散规律研究并不充分。本研究针对华北平原典型的冬小麦-夏玉米农田生态系统、棉田生态系统和梨园生态系统,基于FAO56手册推荐的单作物系数法计算和验证了2016—2017年各农业生态系统初始生长期至生育末期的实际蒸散量,分析了不同生育阶段蒸散变化规律。不同作物初始生长期、快速发育期、生育中期和生育末期作物系数,冬小麦分别为0.60、0.88、1.07和0.72,夏玉米分别为0.46、0.76、1.01和0.80,棉花分别为0.34、0.71、1.07和0.78,梨树分别为0.81、0.91、1.02和0.96。冬小麦-夏玉米、棉田和梨园的单作物系数法计算的实际蒸散量分别为694.3 mm、472.2 mm和825.7 mm。3类作物生育期内实际蒸散量计算值比实测值分别低1.0%、低4.9%和高8.1%,变化趋势一致,相关系数为0.80~0.91(P<0.01)。粮、棉和果树生态系统是华北平原农业生态系统的典型代表,本研究不仅明确了各类作物尤其是研究比较缺乏的梨树的不同生育期内的作物系数,同时利用涡度相关实测结果进行了同时空尺度的验证,明确了单作物系数法在华北平原不同农业生态系统的适用性,为制定合理灌溉计划、实现作物耗水精准管理提供科学依据。The crop coefficient method recommended by FAO56 is a method to calculate the actual evapotranspiration of crops,which can simply and accurately reflect the evapotranspiration patterns and characteristics of different agroecosystems during different growth stages.Although the crop coefficient method is widely used,there are still some problems in applying this method in the North China Plain.Research on a single agroecosystem of winter wheat-summer maize has been conducted for a long time.However,there is a lack of systematic and comprehensive research on the evapotranspiration patterns of various typical agroecosystems in the North China Plain through the single crop coefficient method.Therefore,it is difficult to provide quantitative theoretical support for water consumption management and planting structure adjustment.Furthermore,the variation in crop coefficients for the typical pear orchard agroecosystem,the main fruit and the most important economic crop in the North China Plain,is urgently needed.In this study,the crop coefficients and evapotranspiration patterns of different growth stages of irrigated crops in the typical agroecosystems of winter wheat-summer maize farmland,cotton field,and pear orchard in the North China Plain were examined and verified from 2016 to 2017.The entire growth stage was divided into initial,developing,mid,and end stages based on the crop growth stages and physiological characteristics.According to the single crop coefficient method recorded in FAO56 manual,the average crop coefficients of the initial,developing,mid,and end stages of different crops were 0.60,0.88,1.07,and 0.72 for winter wheat;0.46,0.76,1.01,and 0.80 for summer maize;0.34,0.71,1.07,and 0.78 for cotton;0.81,0.91,1.02,and 0.96 for pear trees,respectively;while the calculated actual evapotranspiration was 694.3 mm,472.2 mm,and 825.7 mm for the above three ecosystems,respectively.Evapotranspiration measured by the eddy covariance systems was 701.4 mm,496.5 mm,and 763.5 mm for winter wheat-summer maize,cotton fiel

关 键 词：作物系数 作物实际蒸散量 参考作物蒸散量 典型农业生态系统 华北平原 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]