林地腐殖质火阴燃特征研究  

Study on smoldering characteristics of forest humus fire

作　　者：梁旭光 吴庭富 何诚[1] LIANG Xu-guang;WU Ting-fu;HE Cheng(Nanjing Forest Police College,Jiangsu Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京森林警察学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2022年第2期257-261,共5页Fire Science and Technology

基　　金：大学生创新项目(201912213007G);国家自然科学基金项目(31870643,31901321);江苏省自然科学基金项目(SBK2020020599);江苏省“六大人才高峰”培养工程资助项目(XYDXX-040)。

摘　　要：为了掌握林地腐殖质火阴燃温度变化特征。以南京栖霞区丁山的地表腐殖质可燃物为研究对象,将可燃物种类、可燃物燃烧深度、含水量、风速分别作为自变量,在其他条件相同的情况下分组实验对照,建立了初步的阴燃蔓延模型,得出相关实验数据。数据表明,枯立木阴燃温度最高能达到689℃;地表土阴燃燃烧深度越深,阴燃持续的时间就越长,发生在土层表面横向的阴燃火蔓延决定了阴燃林火的范围,此外,因为阴燃的地下燃烧特征,阴燃会在地下将可燃物烧净,而地表没有燃烧,从而呈现空洞特征;当含水率大于42.3%时,腐殖质复燃的可能性极低;通过对比观察结果,风速对阴燃的复燃影响最为显著,燃烧深度则影响阴燃时间和燃烧范围。相关研究为今后的森林消防工作提供部分理论依据和实验数据支撑。In order to master the characteristics of forest humus smoldering temperature, the author took the surface humus combustible in Dingshan, Qixia District, Nanjing as the research object, and took the types of combustible, the combustion depth of combustible, water content and wind speed as independent variables respectively. Under the same condition of other variables,the author set up a preliminary smoldering spread model and obtained relevant experimental data. The data shows that the smoldering temperature of dry standing tree is up to 689 ℃;the deeper the smoldering burning depth is in the surface soil, the longer the smoldering duration will be;the transverse smoldering fire spreading on the soil surface determines the scope of smoldering forest fire;given the underground combustion characteristics of smoldering, it will burn out the combustible underground, but leave the surface unburnt, thus forms a hollow underground;when the water content is greater than 42.3%, the possibility of humus re-burning is very low;by comparing the results of orthogonal experimental table, the wind speed has the most significant effect on the smoldering re-ignition, while the combustion depth affects the smoldering time and range. The research provides partial theoretical basis and experimental data support for future forest fire fighting works.

关 键 词：腐殖质 地下火 阴燃 热红外 

分 类 号：S762[农业科学—森林保护学] TK121[农业科学—林学]