彰显宪法与尊重立法——回避宪法判断的司法技术及其法理  

Highlighting Constitution and Respecting Legislation——Judicial Technology to Avoid Constitutional Judgment and Its Jurisprudence

作　　者：刘义 Liu Yi(Law School,China Jiliang University,Hangzhou 310018)

机构地区：[1]中国计量大学法学院,杭州310018

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2022年第3期50-57,49,158,共10页Zhejiang Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“行政裁判与宪法实施的程序转接研究”(15BFX079)的研究成果。

摘　　要：目前推进当中的合宪性审查主要是针对立法过程的抽象的合宪性控制,回避宪法判断的司法技术展开可以为其注入一种实践动力。广义的回避宪法判断包括通过法律判断回避宪法判断和回避违宪判断这两种样态,后者又有两种类型,即合宪解释(或类似变形裁判技术)与现代回避。这些回避技术的操作法理,都可以从法院在彰显宪法与尊重立法两种任务取向之间的策略性平衡得到阐释。我国既有司法实践主要有两个缺陷:一是通过法律判断回避宪法判断的方法论意识不足,导致裁判说理的泛宪法化;二是法院尊重立法时,对宪法价值的技术关切不足。为了化解这种对极式的偏差,我国未来应确立彰显宪法与尊重立法的本土化平衡基准,最高法院的多面向宪法对话功能也至为切要。Our Country’s current constitutional review is mainly aimed at abstract constitutional control of the legislative process.With the development of judicial technology to avoid constitutional judgement,it can acquire a kind of practical vitality.Broadly speaking,avoidance of constitutional judgment includes avoiding constitutional judgment through legal judgment and avoiding unconstitutional judgment.The latter has two types,namely constitutional interpretation(or similar deformation judgment technology)and modern avoidance.The jurisprudence of these avoiding techniques can be explained from the strategic balance between the court’s two mission orientations of highlighting constitution and respecting legislation.The existing judicial practice in our country mainly has two defects:first,the lack of awareness of the method of avoidance of constitutional judgment through legal judgment,which leads to the pan-constitutionalization of judicial reasoning;Second,when courts respect legislation,they are not sufficiently concerned about the value of the constitution.In order to resolve this kind of polarization deviation,we should establish a local balance standard that highlights the constitution and respects the legislation,and pay more attention to the system function of the Supreme Court to carry out multi-oriented constitutional dialogue.

关 键 词：回避宪法判断 回避违宪判断 变形裁判 彰显宪法 尊重立法 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]