氮代谢相关酶的研究进展  

Research Progress of Enzymes Related to Nitrogen Metabolism

作　　者：徐洪超 商靖 刘铭荟 张飞[2] 李玥莹[1] XU Hong-chao;SHANG Jing;LIU Ming-hui(College of Life Sciences,Shenyang Normal University,Shenyang,Liaoning 110034)

机构地区：[1]沈阳师范大学生命科学学院,辽宁沈阳110034 [2]辽宁省农业科学院高粱研究所,辽宁沈阳110161

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2022年第4期17-20,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅重点攻关项目(LZD201901);辽宁省自然科学基金面上项目(2019-MS-197)。

摘　　要：氮代谢是植物体内的基本生理代谢过程之一,包括氮素同化、积累和蛋白质合成等过程,与植物的生长发育、产量和品质的联系非常密切。氮代谢的生理过程在酶的催化下完成,与氮代谢的生理过程密切相关的酶有:硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶、转氨酶(谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶、谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶)、谷氨酸合酶、谷氨酸脱氢酶等关键酶。这5种酶在植物氮代谢过程中具有重要的作用,简要介绍这几种酶的基本结构与特性、对作物生长发育的调控等,为进一步探究氮代谢研究机制提供有益的参考。Nitrogen metabolism is one of the basic physiological metabolic processes in plants,including processes such as nitrogen assimilation,accumulation and protein synthesis.It is closely related to plant growth,yield and quality.The physiological process of nitrogen metabolism is completed under the catalysis of enzymes.The enzymes closely related to the physiological process of nitrogen metabolism are:nitrate reductase,glutamine synthetase,transaminase(glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase,glutamate pyruvate transaminase),glutamate synthase,glutamate dehydrogenase and other key enzymes.These five enzymes play an important role in the process of plant nitrogen metabolism.The basic structure and characteristics of these enzymes and the regulation of crop growth and development are briefly introduced to provide a useful reference for further exploring the research mechanism of nitrogen metabolism.

关 键 词：硝酸还原酶 谷氨酰胺合成酶 谷氨酸合酶 转氨酶 谷氨酸脱氢酶 

分 类 号：Q945.1[生物学—植物学]