葡萄新品种组织培养快繁技术研究  

Study on Tissue Culture Rapid Propagation Technology of New Grape Varieties

作　　者：陈玉霞[1] 邱建辉[1] 谷峰[1] CHEN Yu-xia;QIU Jian-hui;GU Feng(Institute of Agricultural Products Processing and Nuclear Agriculture Technology,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan,Hubei 430064)

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院农产品加工与核农技术研究所,湖北武汉430064

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2022年第4期106-109,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：[目的]探索葡萄新品种快繁技术。[方法]以葡萄1年生枝条腋芽为外植体,研究葡萄无菌植株的建立,筛选丛生芽分化、幼苗生根培养基配方及试管苗移栽的适宜基质。[结果]腋芽可作为外植体并以0.1%HgCl_(2)消毒9 min为宜,黑奥林、先锋、红富士3个供试品种的无菌植株获得率为45.10%~60.00%;筛选出的丛生芽分化培养基配方为B_(5)+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.10 mg/L+蔗糖20 g/L+琼脂6.5 g/L,3个葡萄品种的平均丛生芽分化数为4.14芽/茎段;幼苗生根培养基配方为改良B_(5)+IAA 0.10 mg/L+蔗糖20 g/L+琼脂6.5 g/L+活性炭0.3%,试管苗生根率达100%,幼苗根多且粗壮,茎叶生长旺盛;以不同基质移栽试管苗,细河砂的移栽成活率最高,3个品种的幼苗成活率达86.67%~100%,其次为蛭石,幼苗成活率为71.67%~85.00%,而腐殖质土的试管苗成活率只有33.33%~43.33%,幼苗很少发新根。试管苗不经炼苗,可直接从培养瓶移栽到基质中。[结论]建立了一整套葡萄组织培养快速繁殖技术体系,可为葡萄新品种的快速繁殖、老品种的培养复壮提供依据。[Objective]To explore the rapid propagation technology of new grape varieties.[Method]By using axillary bud of the annual branch of grape as explants,the establishment of grape sterile plantless,the medium formula of the differentiation of cluster buds and seedling root,the suitable substrate for transplanting test-tube seedlings were studied.[Result]The results showed that axillary bud could be used as explants and disinfected with 0.1% HgCl_(2) for 9 minutes.The sterile plant acquisition rates of three tested varieties were 45.10%-60.00%.The medium formula of cluster bud differentiation was B_(5)+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.10 mg/L+sucrose 20 g/L+agar 6.5 g/L,and the number of cluster bud differentiation of the three grape varieties was the above 4.14 bud per stem segment.The formula of seedling root medium was modified B_(5)+IAA 0.10 mg/L+sucrose 20 g/L+agar 6.5 g/L+activated carbon 0.3%.On this medium,the rooting rate of test-tube plantlets reached 100%,the roots of seedlings were many and strong,and the stems and leaves grew vigorously.Transplanting the test tube seedlings with different substrates,and the transplanting survival rate of the fine river sand was the highest,and the survival rate of three varieties seedlings was 86.67%-100%,followed by vermiculite,the survival rate of the seedlings was 71.67%-85.00%,and the survival rate of test-tube plantlets in humus soil was only 33.33%-43.33%.Test-tube plantlets can be directly transferred from the culture bottle to the substrate without refining them.[Conclusion]In this study,a set of tissue culture rapid propagation technology system of grape was established,which provided the basis for the rapid propagation of new grape varieties and the culture and rejuvenation of old varieties.

关 键 词：葡萄 腋芽 丛生芽分化 生根培养 移栽 细河砂 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]