丑橘携带柑橘大实蝇溴甲烷检疫熏蒸技术研究  

Research on the Phytosanitary Fumigation Technology with Methyl Bromide for Bactrocera minax(Enderlein)in Ugly Tangerine

作　　者：曹悦 张琴 李柏树[2] 王勇涛 邵宝林 陈乃中[2] 杨定[1] 李丽[2] 刘涛[1,2] CAO Yue;ZHANG Qin;LI Bai-shu(China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193;Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine,BeiJing 100020;Chengdu International Travel Health Center,Chengdu,Sichuan 610041)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学,北京100193 [2]中国检验检疫科学研究院,北京100020 [3]成都国际旅行保健中心,四川成都610041 [4]成都海关,四川成都610041 [5]成都海关技术中心,四川成都610041

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2022年第4期181-185,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国检科院基本科研业务费项目(2018JK025);海关总署科技计划项目(2019HK031);国家市场监管总局技术保障专项(2021)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究了15℃条件下溴甲烷熏蒸处理对柑橘大实蝇[Bactrocera minax(Enderlein)]3龄幼虫的杀灭效果以及对春见[(Citrus reticulata×C.sinensis)cv.Okitsu No.44]、不知火[(C.unshiu×C.sinensis)×C.reticulate]2种丑橘品质的影响,为开发出口丑橘检疫处理技术提供理论依据。[方法]以春见、不知火2个品种的丑橘为研究对象,分别用6、12、18、24、30、36 g/m^(3)的溴甲烷熏蒸,然后放置储存在不同条件下;采用毒力测定和品质测定法对其灭虫效果以及其对水果品质的影响进行研究。[结果]毒力测定结果表明,随溴甲烷熏蒸浓度的提高,柑橘大实蝇的死亡率逐渐升高;在95%置信区间内,溴甲烷杀灭99.9968%柑橘大实蝇3龄幼虫所需的浓度-时间乘积约为125 g·h/m^(3)。品质测定结果表明,溴甲烷熏蒸对2种丑橘的色泽、可溶性糖含量、总酸度等指标无显著影响,但与对照组(CK)相比各溴甲烷熏蒸组丑橘在冷藏后的货架期有较高的腐烂率,这种不利影响可以通过熏蒸后常温储运来克服。[结论]溴甲烷熏蒸可用于出口丑橘中柑橘大实蝇的检疫处理,但处理后应在15℃以上储运,以避免在货架期内腐烂。[Objective]To study the killing efficacy of methyl bromide fumigation at 15℃against third-instar larvae of Bactrocera minax(Enderlein)and its influences on the quality of two varieties of ugly tangerine fruits including(Citrus reticulata×C.sinensis)cv.Okitsu No.44 and(C.unshiu×C.sinensis)×C.reticulate,and provide the theoretical basis for the development of the phytosanitary treatment technology of tangerine fruits for export.[Method]Two varieties of ugly tangerine fruits including(Citrus reticulata×C.sinensis)cv.Okitsu No.44 and(C.unshiu×C.sinensis)×C.reticulate were fumigated with 6,12,18,24,30 and 36 g/m^(3) methyl bromide respectively,and then stored under different conditions.The toxicity test and quality determination was made to study the killing efficacy against B.minax(Enderlein)and the influences on the fruit quality.[Result]The toxicity test results showed that the mortality of B.minax(Enderlein)gradually increased with the increase of the fumigation concentration of methyl bromide.Probability value analysis results showed that,at 95%confidence level,the time-concentration product of methyl bromide required for killing 99.9968%third-instar larvae of B.minax(Enderlein)was about 125 g·h/m^(3).Quality determination results showed that methyl bromide fumigation had no significant effect on the color,soluble sugar content and total acidity of the two varieties of ugly tangerine fruits.However,compared with the control group(CK),ugly tangerine fruits in methyl bromide fumigation group had higher decay rate during the shelf life after the cold storage,but this adverse effect could be overcome by storage and transportation at room temperature after fumigation.[Conclusion]Methyl bromide fumigation could be used for the phytosanitary treatment of B.minax(Enderlein)in exported tangerine fruits,however the treated fruits should be stored at above 15℃so as to avoid the decay during the shelf life.

关 键 词：丑橘 柑橘大实蝇 溴甲烷 品质 

分 类 号：S431[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]