2021年山东省家禽养殖场生物安全水平问卷调查  

Questionnaire Investigation on Biosecurity Level of Poultry Farms in Shandong Province in 2021

作　　者：刘兵 姜伟 刘砚涵 薛瑞雪 张栋[3] 党安坤[3] 陈峰 Liu Bing;Jiang Wei;Liu Yanhan;Xue Ruixue;Zhang Dong;Dang Ankuan;Chen Feng(Development Center of Animal Husbandry and Fishery in Zaozhuang City,Zaozhuang,Shandong 277800,China;Lingcheng District Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau,Dezhou,Shandong 253500,China;Shandong Provincial Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center,Jinan,Shandong 250010,China)

机构地区：[1]枣庄市畜牧渔业事业发展中心,山东枣庄277800 [2]德州市陵城区农业农村局,山东德州253500 [3]山东省动物疫病预防与控制中心,山东济南250010

出　　处：《中国动物检疫》2022年第3期41-44,共4页China Animal Health Inspection

基　　金：山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目(SD2019XM006);山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2019JZZY010720)。

摘　　要：为了解山东省家禽养殖场的生物安全水平,以问卷调查方式,对养殖场基本信息、场内区域划分、免疫接种、引种购进、消毒、饲养管理等问题展开调查。经预调查后,2021年6—7月在全省范围内开展本次调查。在全省16个地级市,采用随机抽样方式,每地级市抽检1~2个县(市、区);应用配额采样方式,在县市域内选取蛋鸡养殖场、肉鸡养殖场以及种禽场各1家。共收到有效问卷141份,分别来自12个地级市36个县(市、区),其中来自蛋鸡养殖场、肉鸡养殖场和种禽场占比分别为63.83%、26.95%和9.22%。所调查养殖场中,按照管理区、生产区、生活区进行区域划分的133家,一半以上的养殖场能做到每周至少消毒1次;137家养殖场有免疫计划,而无免疫计划的只有4家,包括蛋鸡场1家、肉鸡场3家。肉鸡场没有隔离场所的占比最高,达44.7%。106家养殖场对患病动物进行无害化处理。结果表明,所调查家禽养殖场在区域划分、区域管理、消毒管理、环境控制等生物安全方面都进行了相关的设计和应用,在一定程度上,能够起到预防致病因子侵入、阻挡病原微生物扩散的作用,但不同类型养殖场的生物安全水平并不均衡,因此养殖场需继续提高生物安全意识,逐步建立适用于本场的生物安全体系。In order to investigate the biosecurity level of poultry farms in Shandong Province,general information,zoning,immunization,introduction or purchase,disinfection and feeding management on farms were investigated by questionnaire.After preparation,the investigation was carried out across the province during June to July 2021.For16 cities at prefecture level in the province,from each of which,1 to 2 cities at county level were randomly selected to sample each of layer farm,broiler farm and breeder farm by quota.A total of 141 valid questionnaires were received from 36 cities at county level in 12 cities at prefecture level,involving layer farms,broiler farms and breeder farms,accounting for 63.83%,26.95%and 9.22%,respectively.For 133 farms that had divided as per management area,production area and living area,more than half of the farms could be disinfected at least once a week;137 farms had implemented immunization plans,including 13 breeder farms as well as one layer farm and three broiler farms where no immunization plan was available.The proportion of broiler farms without quarantine premises was the highest at44.7%.106 farms could harmless treatment on sick animals.In conclusion,all the farms investigated had designed and applied zoning,zoning management,disinfection management,environmental control and other biosecurity issues,which could prevent the invasion of pathogenic factors and spread of pathogenic microorganisms,but the biosafety level was uneven depending on different breeding modes,which required the farms to continue to improve their awareness of biosecurity and gradually establish a biosecurity system suitable for themselves.

关 键 词：生物安全 家禽养殖场 问卷调查 

分 类 号：S851.3[农业科学—预防兽医学]